lec 20 DNA and RNA structure

Question 1

what is DNA?

Answer 1

The genetic material of all living organisms

Question 2

what is a gene?

Answer 2

the part of DNA that encodes the information into a functional product

Question 3

what is DNA and RNA made of?

Answer 3

a phosphate group, a sugar and a base known as nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine or uracil

Question 4

what are the differences in the sugars of RNA and DNA?

Answer 4

ribose has a OH on the 2 prime carbon and deoxyribose has a H on the 2 prime carbon

Question 5

which bases are purines and pyrimidines respectfully?

Answer 5

purine- adenine and guanine
pyrimidine- cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 6

how do the phosphate groups link to the pentose sugar?

Answer 6

via a phosphodiester linkage which makes the DNA strand polar

Question 7

two DNA strands interact with one another with what bond?

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds

Question 8

how many H bonds does G-C and A-T/U form?

Answer 8

3 bonds and 2 bonds

Question 9

when bases are stacked on the inside of the DNA, what is exposed?

Answer 9

the phosphate backbones

Question 10

what is the difference in UV absorption of a double and single strand helix?

Answer 10

double stranded (bases stacked) absorb less UV than single stranded

Question 11

what does an increase of temperature do to DNA?

Answer 11

causes it to denature