lec 2: nucleic acid structure Flashcards

1
Q

this is an unbranched polymer with monomer units called nucleotides

A

nucleic acid

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2
Q

are the building blocks of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

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3
Q

The first scientist to isolate nucleic acid in 1869

A

Johannes Friedrich Miescher

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4
Q

the three-subunit molecule is composed of:

A
  1. pentose sugar
  2. phosphate group
  3. nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base
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5
Q

2 types of nucleic acid

A
  1. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
  2. ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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5
Q

the template/basis for transmission of genetic information

A

DNA

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5
Q

Protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression

A

RNA

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5
Q

this sugar is present in DNA

A

pentose ribose

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5
Q

Sugar + Base

A

nucleoside

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5
Q

the third component of a nucleotide

A

phosphate

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5
Q

where is phosphate attached?

A

to the 5’ carbon

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6
Q

sugar + base + phosphate = ?

A

nucleotide

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6
Q

a monosaccharide having five carbons

A

pentose ribose

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6
Q

the sugar unit is either:

A
  • pentose ribose
  • 2’ - deoxyribose
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6
Q

this sugar is present in RNA

A

2’-deoxyribose

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7
Q

bases under purines

A

adenine, guanine

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8
Q

bases under pyrimidines

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil

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9
Q

bases present in both DNA and RNA

10
Q

the base present in RNA as a substitute for thymine

11
Q

this base is only present in DNA

12
Q

2 categories of bases

A

purine, pyrimidine

13
Q

is purine bigger than pyrimidines?

A

yes na yes 4 u bec 2 ang closed rings niya

14
Q

The nucleotides are linked to each other through

A

sugar-phosphate bonds

15
Q

does the sugar-phosphate backbone vary?

16
if the sugar-phosphate backbone does not vary, where does the structure of the nucleic acid depend?
on the sequence of bases
17
primary structure of DNA segment
5' TGCA 3'
18
proposed an explanation for the base composition patterns associated with DNA molecules
James Watson & Francis Crick
19
The bases (side chains) of each backbone ____ _____ toward the bases of the other strand
extend inward
20
The two strands in DNA are connected by ____ _____ between their bases
hydrogen bonds
21
are the DNA strands parallel?
no, it's antititititi-parallel
22
what can only fit within the DNA helix interior?
1 purine, 1 pyrimidine
23
pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen-bond to each other
complementary bases
24
pair of A
T (thymine)
25
pair of C
G (Guanine)
26
can the strands be identical in DNA?
NONONONO
27
predict 3' A-G-T-C-G-T-A-C-A-T-G 5'
5' T-C-A-G-C-A-T-G-T-A-C 3'
28
The two strands of the double helix run in ____ directions
opposite
29
Derivative of pyrimidine and seen in DNA
thymine
30
What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
second carbon atom
31
Derivative of purine and seen in RNA
none
32
what is the RNA nucleoside with uracil as sugar?
uridine
33
Identify the DNA nucleoside with adenine as sugar
deoxyadenosine
34
DNA Nucleotide with cytosine as sugar
deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate