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biochemistry > lec 1: biochemical system of the cell > Flashcards

lec 1: biochemical system of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

The study that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

another term for starch

A

amylum

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3
Q

the building blocks of plant cells

A

cellulose

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4
Q

biochemist who synthesized urea

A

Friedrich Wöhler

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5
Q

biochemist who coined the term enzyme

A

Wilhelm Kühne

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6
Q

biochemist who worked on fermentation

A

Eduard Buchner

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7
Q

three biochemists who discovered insulin

A
  • John James Rickard Macleod
  • Nicolae Paulescu
  • Frederick Grant Banting
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8
Q

biochemist who discovered DNA carries heredity information

A

Frederick Griffith

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9
Q

biochemist who first isolated an enzyme in crystallized form to show that enzyme was a protein

A

James B. Sumner

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10
Q

Father of Biochemistry

A

Carl Neuberg

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11
Q

these biochemists discovered the double helical structure of DNA

A
  • James D. Watson
  • Francis Crick
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • Maurice Wilkins
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12
Q

another term for urea

A

carbamide

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13
Q

functional group: ROH

A

hydroxyl group

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14
Q

functional group: ROR’

A

ether group

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15
Q

functional group: RCOOR’

A

ester group

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16
Q

functional group: RNH

A

amino group

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17
Q

functional group: RCONH2

A

amide group

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18
Q

functional group: RCOR’

A

ketones

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19
Q

functional group: RCOH

A

aldehydes

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20
Q

functional group: RSH

A

sulfhydryl

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21
Q

functional group: COOH

A

carboxyl

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22
Q

hydrocarbons with one C-C double bond

A

alkenes

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23
Q

functional group: PO4

A

phosphate

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24
Q

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

A

prokaryote

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25
Q

multicellular, has nucleus, complex structures, and specialized organelles

A

eukaryote

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26
Q

5 kingdom classification

A
  1. fungi
  2. plants
  3. animals
  4. protista
  5. monera
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27
Q

no definite nucleus

A

prokaryote

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28
Q

site of cellular respiration in eukaryote

A

mitochondria

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29
Q

type of chromosome in prokaryote

A

single circular

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30
Q

where is the chromosome located in prokaryote

A

nucleoid

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31
Q

T/F: ribosomes are only present in eukaryotes?

A

false - present ang ribosomes both sa prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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32
Q

T/F: prokaryotes have chloroplasts

A

false, present lang siya sa eukaryotes (specifcally sa green plants)

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33
Q

the organelle responsible for converting light energy into chemical in green plants

A

chloroplast

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34
Q

T/F: mitochondrion has its own DNA

A

true

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35
Q

the site of most DNA and RNA synthesis

A

nucleus

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36
Q

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

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37
Q

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

38
Q

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

A

lysosome

39
Q

Contain oxidase enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisomes

40
Q

Separates the cell contents from the outside world

A

cell membrane

41
Q

rigid exterior layer of plant cells

A

cell wall

42
Q

large, fluid-filled organelle; store water, enzymes, metabolic, wastes, and other materials

A

central vacoule

43
Q

levels of organization of the human body

A
  1. cell
  2. tissue
  3. organ
  4. organ system
  5. organism
44
Q

a living organism needs to obtain energy and nutrients in order to live

A

metabolism

45
Q

2 types of metabolism

A
  1. anabolism
  2. catabolism
46
Q

2 mechanisms of carbohydrate utilization

A
  1. fermentation
  2. respiration
47
Q

Anaerobic process of energy generation

A

fermentation

48
Q

Aerobic process of energy production

A

respiration

49
Q

end products of respiration

A

carbon dioxide and water

50
Q

major pathway to convert glucose to pyruvate

A

Glycolytic Pathway / Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway

51
Q

the conversion of glucose-6-PO4 to glyceraldehyde-3- PO4 and pyruvic acid

A

Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

52
Q

anaerobic utilization of pyruvic acid in fermentation has 2 products:

A

ethanol, lactic acid

53
Q

aerobic utilization of pyruvic acid is through:

A

krebs cycle

54
Q

inorganic biochemical system

A

Water, Minerals and Ions

55
Q

organic biochemical system

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
56
Q

boiling temperature of water

A

100 C

57
Q

properties of water: the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature

A

high specific heat

58
Q

properties of water: heat needed to change water into gas

A

high heat of evaporation

59
Q

properties of water: universal solvent

A

polarity

60
Q

properties of water: can stick to itself and other molecules

A

H-Bonding

61
Q

ability to bind itself

A

cohesion

62
Q

An attraction between molecules of different substances

A

adhesion

63
Q

major minerals are called?

A

macrominerals

64
Q

Ar, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn are classifed as?

A

microminerals

65
Q

primary energy source stored primarily as glycogen

A

carbohydrates

66
Q

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

A

disaccharides

67
Q

classification of carbohydrates:

cannot be hydrolyzed

A

monosaccharides

68
Q

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

69
Q

fats and oils are

A

lipids

70
Q

classification of lipids

A
  1. nonsaponifiable
  2. saponifiable
71
Q

comprises one or more ester groups, enabling it to undergo hydrolysis in the presence of a base, acid, or enzymes

A

saponifiable lipids

72
Q

simple lipids contain 2 types of components:

A

fatty acid & alcohol

73
Q

complex lipids contains…

A

additional groups

74
Q

CHONS polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

A

proteins

75
Q

enzymes act as…

A

catalysts

76
Q

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen

A

hemoglobin

77
Q

protein in blood; maintains the osmotic balance

A

albumin

78
Q

act as antibodies

A

immunoglobulins

79
Q

protein function that help manage hemostasis

A

coagulation factors

80
Q

Linear polymers that consist of monomers called nucleotides

A

nucleic acids

81
Q

each nucleotide carries:

A
  1. sugar
  2. base
  3. phosphate
82
Q

it stores the genetic information

A

DNA

83
Q

it transcribes the genetic information

A

RNA

84
Q

Group of organic compounds essential for normal growth and functioning of human body

A

vitamins

85
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamin A D E K

86
Q

where is the chromosome located in prokaryote

A

nucleoid

87
Q

Protozoans are classified as Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

A

Eukaryote

88
Q

Monera are classified as Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

A

Prokaryote

89
Q

The microorganism, in which the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan layer is classified as Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

A

Prokaryote

90
Q

The functional group that is also called as olefins

A

alkenes

91
Q

Lipids are Polar or Non-polar?

A

non-polar

biochemistry (12 decks)

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