lec 1: biochemical system of the cell Flashcards
1
Q
The study that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms
A
biochemistry
2
Q
another term for starch
A
amylum
3
Q
the building blocks of plant cells
A
cellulose
4
Q
biochemist who synthesized urea
A
Friedrich Wöhler
5
Q
biochemist who coined the term enzyme
A
Wilhelm Kühne
6
Q
biochemist who worked on fermentation
A
Eduard Buchner
7
Q
three biochemists who discovered insulin
A
- John James Rickard Macleod
- Nicolae Paulescu
- Frederick Grant Banting
8
Q
biochemist who discovered DNA carries heredity information
A
Frederick Griffith
9
Q
biochemist who first isolated an enzyme in crystallized form to show that enzyme was a protein
A
James B. Sumner
10
Q
Father of Biochemistry
A
Carl Neuberg
11
Q
these biochemists discovered the double helical structure of DNA
A
- James D. Watson
- Francis Crick
- Rosalind Franklin
- Maurice Wilkins
12
Q
another term for urea
A
carbamide
13
Q
functional group: ROH
A
hydroxyl group
14
Q
functional group: ROR’
A
ether group
15
Q
functional group: RCOOR’
A
ester group
16
Q
functional group: RNH
A
amino group
17
Q
functional group: RCONH2
A
amide group
18
Q
functional group: RCOR’
A
ketones
19
Q
functional group: RCOH
A
aldehydes
20
Q
functional group: RSH
A
sulfhydryl
21
Q
functional group: COOH
A
carboxyl
22
Q
hydrocarbons with one C-C double bond
A
alkenes
23
Q
functional group: PO4
A
phosphate
24
Q
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
A
prokaryote
25
multicellular, has nucleus, complex structures, and specialized organelles
eukaryote
26
5 kingdom classification
1. fungi
2. plants
3. animals
4. protista
5. monera
27
no definite nucleus
prokaryote
28
site of cellular respiration in eukaryote
mitochondria
29
type of chromosome in prokaryote
single circular
30
where is the chromosome located in prokaryote
nucleoid
31
T/F: ribosomes are only present in eukaryotes?
false - present ang ribosomes both sa prokaryotes and eukaryotes
32
T/F: prokaryotes have chloroplasts
false, present lang siya sa eukaryotes (specifcally sa green plants)
33
the organelle responsible for converting light energy into chemical in green plants
chloroplast
34
T/F: mitochondrion has its own DNA
true
35
the site of most DNA and RNA synthesis
nucleus
36
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Golgi apparatus
37
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
38
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
lysosome
39
Contain oxidase enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide
peroxisomes
40
Separates the cell contents from the outside world
cell membrane
41
rigid exterior layer of plant cells
cell wall
42
large, fluid-filled organelle; store water, enzymes, metabolic, wastes, and other materials
central vacoule
43
levels of organization of the human body
1. cell
2. tissue
3. organ
4. organ system
5. organism
44
a living organism needs to obtain energy and nutrients in order to live
metabolism
45
2 types of metabolism
1. anabolism
2. catabolism
46
2 mechanisms of carbohydrate utilization
1. fermentation
2. respiration
47
Anaerobic process of energy generation
fermentation
48
Aerobic process of energy production
respiration
49
end products of respiration
carbon dioxide and water
50
major pathway to convert glucose to pyruvate
Glycolytic Pathway / Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway
51
the conversion of glucose-6-PO4 to glyceraldehyde-3- PO4 and pyruvic acid
Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
52
anaerobic utilization of pyruvic acid in fermentation has 2 products:
ethanol, lactic acid
53
aerobic utilization of pyruvic acid is through:
krebs cycle
54
inorganic biochemical system
Water, Minerals and Ions
55
organic biochemical system
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
56
boiling temperature of water
100 C
57
properties of water: the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature
high specific heat
58
properties of water: heat needed to change water into gas
high heat of evaporation
59
properties of water: universal solvent
polarity
60
properties of water: can stick to itself and other molecules
H-Bonding
61
ability to bind itself
cohesion
62
An attraction between molecules of different substances
adhesion
63
major minerals are called?
macrominerals
64
Ar, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn are classifed as?
microminerals
65
primary energy source stored primarily as glycogen
carbohydrates
66
Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
disaccharides
67
classification of carbohydrates:
cannot be hydrolyzed
monosaccharides
68
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
polysaccharides
69
fats and oils are
lipids
70
classification of lipids
1. nonsaponifiable
2. saponifiable
71
comprises one or more ester groups, enabling it to undergo hydrolysis in the presence of a base, acid, or enzymes
saponifiable lipids
72
simple lipids contain 2 types of components:
fatty acid & alcohol
73
complex lipids contains...
additional groups
74
CHONS polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
proteins
75
enzymes act as...
catalysts
76
An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen
hemoglobin
77
protein in blood; maintains the osmotic balance
albumin
78
act as antibodies
immunoglobulins
79
protein function that help manage hemostasis
coagulation factors
80
Linear polymers that consist of monomers called nucleotides
nucleic acids
81
each nucleotide carries:
1. sugar
2. base
3. phosphate
82
it stores the genetic information
DNA
83
it transcribes the genetic information
RNA
84
Group of organic compounds essential for normal growth and functioning of human body
vitamins
85
fat soluble vitamins
vitamin A D E K
86
where is the chromosome located in prokaryote
nucleoid
87
Protozoans are classified as Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Eukaryote
88
Monera are classified as Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Prokaryote
89
The microorganism, in which the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan layer is classified as Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Prokaryote
90
The functional group that is also called as olefins
alkenes
91
Lipids are Polar or Non-polar?
non-polar
