LEC 2 Flashcards
What are the three main stages or versions of Safety & Security management discussed?
The three versions are: 1.0: safety engineering, focusing on production and risk analysis; 2.0: ‘humanized’ safety management system, which builds on 1.0 by including human factors and leadership; and 3.0: network/governance safety management system, which incorporates inter-organisational networks and the institutional context.
How is risk typically defined in Safety & Security management versions 1.0 and 2.0?
In Safety & Security 1.0 and 2.0, Risk = probability x impact. This involves assessing how likely an event is and the severity of its consequences.
What are some key characteristics of Safety & Security 3.0?
Safety and Security 3.0 is characterised by the social production of risk, safety, and security, a fragmented concept of these terms, the politics involved, and the fact that these concepts are often negotiated.
What are the four main implications of adopting a network perspective on safety and security governance?
The four implications are: 1. Transformation of the concepts of risk, safety, and security; 2. Distributed sensemaking during crises; 3. A social (organisational and interorganisational) life of information; and 4. A need for coordination - governance.
Can you provide an example of a crisis situation discussed in the lecture to illustrate the concept of distributed sensemaking?
Yes, the lecture mentions The Utrecht tram attack and The Oslo 22/7 attack as cases relevant to understanding distributed sensemaking during crises.
What was a significant issue concerning information flow identified in the case of the Oslo 22/7 attacks?
Despite the Oslo police receiving detailed information about the suspect from multiple eyewitnesses shortly after the first attack, including the correct license plate and a description, this information was not transmitted over the police radio to patrols for a considerable amount of time.
What were some of the challenges faced by the Oslo Police Operational Centre (OC) immediately after the bomb explosion in Oslo?
The OC experienced a surge in emergency calls, leading to their computer screens going “red” as the queue exceeded the visible capacity. Additionally, criminal investigations and intelligence units could not readily see ‘flagged’ information in the PO-log, which was intended for them.
What problem with the PO-log system was highlighted during the Oslo attacks regarding the management of incoming information?
The sheer volume and speed of incoming information being logged meant that new entries constantly pushed older information off the screen. This made it difficult for operators to review earlier details, as they would have to manually scroll back while new information kept appearing.
How do Ansell & Torfing define governance?
Ansell & Torfing define governance as ‘the structures and processes “through which society and the economy are steered towards collectively negotiated objectives”’.
According to Klinke & Renn, what constitutes Risk governance (or security & safety governance)?
Klinke & Renn define Risk governance (or security & safety governance) as ‘institutional structures and sociopolitical processes that guide and restrain collective activities of a group, society, or international community to influence or direct the course of events or people’s behavior when dealing with risk issues’.
What are the three key components of crisis management?
Crisis management involves sense making, meaning making, and decision making.
According to Wolbers, what are five factors that influence the quality of distributed sensemaking?
The five factors are: 1. Type of interdependence, 2. Sensitivity to operations, 3. Plausibility, 4. Hierarchy, and 5. Identity.
