Lec. 19 Recap Flashcards
What is the ultimate origin of all our food?
Photosynthesis, the process by which plants and phytoplankton use sunlight to make sugars out of air and water!.
What is the meaning of animals being heterotroph?
They have to eat food, unlike plants that are autotroph (synthesize sugars from air, water and sunlight).
Which animal organs have very large surface areas?
Lungs and gut.
Give two examples of foraging people still living as hunter-gatherer life style?
Hadza and Aka.
How is the flexible dietary niche of baboons and macaques reflected in their conservation status.
Baboons of Africa and most macaques of Asia are much less endangered than other nonhuman primate species.
Which were the two main waves of the genus Homo out of Africa?.
Homo erectus around 2 million years ago, Homo sapiens around 100 thousand years ago.
What are the key differences between an Oldowan and an Acheulean stone
tool?.
Oldowan much simpler, produced with just a few hits, Acheulean, more complex and symmetrical, many hits.
What kind of stone blade use would be very hard for a great ape, compared to a
human?
Forcefully holding a sharp stone blade between thumb and other fingers to cut
When tracking tracks of an animal shot with a poison arrow, what is the first confirmation that hunters are tracking the right set of tracks?
Drops of blood from the animal’s wound.
What fraction of the food produced around the world is due to industrially produced fertilizer?
Half or more.
How can one cook liquid without a ceramic pot?
By heating stones and adding these to liquid in a calabash, animal skin or depression in a rock.
What is the Maillard reaction?
the growing reaction between sugars and amino acids.
List five of each, monocot and dicot crops:
Monocots:
onion,
corn,
coconut,
garlic,
turmeric;
Dicots: beans
spinach
cabbage,
passion fruit,
avocado
What is the most fuel efficient way to cook bread?
Steaming
What are the parallels between a tennis court and our guts?
similar surface areas.
What does GALT stand for?
Gut associated Lymphoid Tissue (there immune tissue of our guts)
What drives the synthesis of ATP inn our cells?
The oxidation of sugar or fats to CO2.
How could the microbiome of a person influence their immune reaction after consuming an edible vaccine?
People with more diverse microbiota have better responsiveness of the gut-associated immune system
Give four examples of external influences on our gut immunity?
Breast feeding, nutrition, history of infection, antibiotics treatments.
What is the evidence for the origin of wheat and barley in the fertile crescent?
The distribution of their wild counterparts and archeological evidence for non-shattering years.
Which were the first two mammal species to be domesticated?
Dogs and pigs
Give three examples mod umami rich condiments:
Soy sauce, fish sauce, miso.
What was the connection between cane sugar and the Atlantic slave trade?
The production of sugar cane required massive labor provided by enslaving people.
What is the connection between the successful slave revolt in Haiti and the United States?
After losing, the French decided to sell their Louisiana Territories to the USA.
