Lec. 12 Cuisine Flashcards
What are examples of foods made in mortars?
- grain
- plantains
- sticky rice cake (mochi)
- sauces (pesto)
Name four traditional dishes made in a mortar.
1.Poi (made from taro)
2.Futu (African)
3.Pesto sauce
4.Mochi
What is the origin myth for the first human in traditional Hawaii?
Humans came from the Kalo plant (taro)
What is sago?
Starch from a tropical palm used as staple carbohydrate in Papua New Guinea.
How could you use a mortar to cook food?
Use hot stones heated in fire
Why were round (cylindrical) mills (querns) not used in ancient central America?
The maize grains were ground wet on a metate (grinding stone) to produce masa (Tamal).
A rotation mill would clog up with wet grains
What is the difference between a corm and a quern?
A corm is the lower part of a plant and a quern is a stone mill.
What uses of mills other than for grain or starch?
Oil from fruit or seeds (olives, sesame) and spice mixtures (wet curries).
Why is preparing gruel easier than baking bread?
Less heat required.
What methods of powering mills are there?
Water weight, water movement, animals, people, wind, steam engine, internal combustion engine, electric engine.
How is gruel prepared?
Milled or crushed grains are boiled in water until soft, flavors can be added as desired, honey, spices, salt etc..…
What gives bread its structure?
Gas bubbles generated by the fermentation with yeasts (baker’s/brewer’s yeast or wild yeast).
How is bread made?
Grain flour is mixed with yeast, salt and water, kneaded into a soft and elastic dough and allowed to rest. Loaves are shaped and allowed to proof until doubled in size before they are baked in an oven.
What sources of starch are used for making noodles:
1.Millet
2. sorghum
3. wheat, buckwheat
4. rice,
5. bean and mixtures thereof
What is a Polynesian imu?
A traditional Polynesian ground oven.
How can one bake bread without an oven?
In a covered pot (Dutch oven) with heat source mostly on the lid, to avoid burning the bottom of the bread. Baking time is longer than in an oven, as heat is lower.
What is the temperature in a bread oven?
400 to 700 degrees F.
What is the most fuel-efficient way of cooking bread?
Steaming
What is the temperature of steam?
212 F
What happens to starch as bread gets stale?
the starch network weakens and bread loose its elasticity, brief heating returns the original flavor and texture.
What is a critical grain quality requirement for popcorn?
Intactness of seed coat and moisture content.
Name a way to steam food that does not involve pots and pans.
Wrapping in leaves or filling into bamboo.
Which is older, pottery or farming?
Pottery in China is a sold as 20,000 years, farming is around 12,000 years old
What makes fried foods a relative luxury?
The need for large volumes of oil.
