Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 2041 -- Microbiology Lecture (Updated) > Lec. 18: Domain: Archaea and Bacteria > Flashcards

Lec. 18: Domain: Archaea and Bacteria Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology used for?

A

used to identify bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of the Eubacterial Deep Lineages VOL.1?

A

Aquifex - gram-,microaerophilic,hyperthermophilic,autotroph, earliest branch of bacterial tree

Deinococcus - appear gram + but are actually gram -, radiation-resistant and desiccation resistant due to hyper-fast repair of DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in ___________.

A

phylogenetic trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On the basis of tRNA sequencing, the archeobacteria are divided into what 3 multiple major groups (kingdoms?)?

A

Asgard group;
Euryarchaeota;
Crenarchaeota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the bacteria which branched off from the rest of the bacteria the earliest.

A

1- Have the ability to survive in harsh environments;

2- May be most similar to the earliest bacterial ancestors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are examples of Photosynthetic Bacteria VOL.1?

A

Chlorbi
Chlorflexi
Cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the earliest form of photosynthesis that was found in several early lineages of bacteria?

A

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which form of photosynthesis evolved later in the Cyanobacteria?

A

Oxygenic photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of Anoxygenic photosynthesis?

A

Green Sulfur (Chlorbi)- obligate anaerobic, photolitoautotrophs

Example genus: Chlorobium

Green Non-sulfur (Chlorflexi) -photoheterotrophs, don’t fix carbon, dark growth heterotrophs, filamentous, thermophilic, hot spring, a deepest known branch

Example genus: Chloroflexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is oxygenic photosynthesis? Give a genus.

A

cyanobacteria - a largest diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria, precursors to chloroplasts, use chlorophyll A, photoautotrophs, filamentous, unicellular, colonial, many filamentous strains are ABLE TO FIX NITROGEN

Example genus: Anabaena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of bacteria is called the purple bacteria because of their purple photosynthetic bacteria?

A

Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Proteobacteria

A

Purple bacteria; gram-negative; largest and most diverse group in eubacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In Proteobacteria, how many subgroups are based on 16S rRNA?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In Proteobacteria, how are the subgroups designated?

A

Greek letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In Proteobacteria, purple photosynthetic bacteria are found in 3 of which 5 sub-groups?

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In Proteobacteria, the purple photosynthetic bacteria that are found in 3 of which 5 sub-groups suggests that proteobacteria arose from a ___________.

A

photosynthetic ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

α-Proteobacteria

A

oligotrophic, known as the purple non-sulfur group, photo/chemo heterotrophs, non-motile and are obligate parasites

Example genus: Rickettsia; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

β-Proteobacteria

A

Non-motile amoeba gram negative cocci; live in the mucus membrane of animals;
diverse anaerobic

Example genus: Neisseria; gonorrhea

20
Q

γ(gamma)-Proteobacteria

A

Aerobes and anaerobes, the largest group, aquatic, marine, bio-luminescent; Genera:

Pseudomonas: they use Entner-Doudoroff instead of glycolysis; animal and plant pathogens, greenish color

Vibrio: comma shape, oxidase positive, metabolism via biolumniescence, using enzyme luciferase

Escherichia: Enterobacteria

21
Q

δ (delta)-Proteobacteria

A

Myxococcus:

Gram-negative, gliding motility,
fruiting bodies that also produce endospores

Additional genus: Vdellovibrio–Parasitic Gram - bacteria that live as parasites in the periplasmic space of other Gram- bacteria

22
Q

ε-Proteobacteria

A

Genus: Helicobacter

Lives in the stomach with a low pH

23
Q

In the Firmicutes (Vol. 3), what type of bacteria is included? Give examples of bacteria that are included?

A

Gram-positive bacteria with low G+C content,
includes aerobic, anaerobic, facultative
anaerobes and microaerophiles

Genus: Bacillus

24
Q

In the Firmicutes (Vol. 3), variations in ________ structure are useful for identifying _____ groups.

A

peptidoglycan; specific

25
Q

In the Firmicutes (Vol. 3), does this include endospore-forming bacteria?

A

Yes

26
Q

In the Firmicutes (Vol. 3), many pathogens are included. In what industry are these important organisms included?

A

Food and dairy.

27
Q

Bacillus (Firmicute)

A

Firmicute - endospore forming, aerobic , antibiotic, found in soil, catalase positive, natural insectiside

28
Q

Lactobacillus (Firmicute)

A

Firmicute - dairy cultures, facultative anaerobes/microaerophiles, not endospore-forming, usually rods, but can be coccobacilli forms

29
Q

Streptococcus (Firmicute)

A

Firmicute -

Facultative anaerobes, form chains and are named for them, many species

30
Q

Staphylococcus(Firmicute)

A

Firmicute - found in skin, MRSA, forms grape-like clumps on Gram stain

31
Q

Clostridium (Firmicute)

A

Firmicute - anaerobic , endospore-forming

32
Q

Epulopiscium (Firmicute)

A

Firmicute - one of the largest in size known bacteria, almost the size of a protozoan, found primarily in intestines of sturgeons

33
Q

Borrelia (Spirochaetes)

A

Spirochaetes - causes Lyme disease

34
Q

Spirochaetes

A

spiral-shaped, long thin, flexible, axial filaments, gram-negative

35
Q

Treponema (Spirochaetes)

A

Spirochaetes - found in the mouth, causes syphilis

36
Q

Mycoplasma (Mollicutes)

A

Mollicutes - no cell wall, many sterols in lipid layers, pneumonia, a smallest bacterial cell capable of self-replication

Mycoplasma pneumonia

37
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • gram negative, coccus shaped, non-motile, obligate intracellular parasites; Sexually Transmitted Disease
  • Chlamydia infections are the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in humans and are the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide.
38
Q

What are the Actinobacteria Volume.5?

A 
commonly called actinomycetes
are aerobic (most), Gram-positive bacteria
with a high G+C content
Some have filamentous hyphae which do
not normally fragment
Some produce asexual spores
39
Q

Corynebacterium (Actinobacteria)

A

(Actinobacteria) - club shaped,lined up together, dipthena

Corynebacteria diphtheria: only the lysogens (phages) carry the diphtheria disease toxin

Genus: Corynebacterium (bacteria fixes nitrogen)

40
Q

Mycobacterium (Actinobacteria)

A

(Actinobacteria) - Acid Fast, make mycolic acid in their cell wall, rod-shaped, non-motile, leprosy, and tuberculosis

41
Q

Streptomyces (Actinobacteria)

A

(Actinobacteria) - filamentous, filamentous colonies are hard; major producer of 50% of our antibiotics, highest G+C content, non-pathogenic

42
Q

Propionibacterium (Actinobacteria)

A

(Actinobacteria) - anaerobes, produce propionic acid during metabolism which results in the taste of and holes in swiss cheese

43
Q

On the basis of rRNA sequencing, the
archeobacteria are divided into two
kingdoms

A

Euryarchaeota

Crenarchaeota

44
Q

What are Euryarchaeota (archeobacteria) and give examples?

A

archeobacteria: Pseudomurein in their cell walls, ether bonds in their lipids, many found in soil
-methanogens - Methanococcus
-halobacteria - Halobacterium
-thermoplasms - Thermoplasma
-thermococci - Thermococcus
=sulfate reducers - Archaeoglobales

45
Q

What are Crenarchaeota (archeobacteria) and give examples?

A

Mostly acidophiles, strict anaerobes

Example genus:
Sulfolobus

46
Q

What is a genus of Actinobacteria?

A

Streptomyces

BIOL 2041 -- Microbiology Lecture (Updated) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions