BIOL 2041.001 - Exam #1C

Question 1

A micrometer is ___m.

Answer 1

10^-6

Question 2

The type of microscope where the source of light is not visible to the human eye, but the light reaching the eye is visible is ________.

Answer 2

Fluorescence

Question 3

Which type of microscope would the best choice for viewing a virus?

Answer 3

Transmission Electron

Question 4

The ability of the microscope lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure is called

Answer 4

resolution

Question 5

All cells from the preexisting cells is

Answer 5

biogenesis

Question 6

In nature, most microorganisms are found growing in mixed culture. True or False? If False, make statement true.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which type of bacteria have a rigid, spiral shape?

Answer 7

Spirillum

Question 8

Which of the following scientific names is formatted correctly?

Escherichia Coli
Escherichia coli
escherichia coli
escherichia coli

Answer 8

Escherichia coli

Question 9

[include attachment] The bacterial cell wall type is

Answer 9

Gram (+)

Question 10

Ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have the same components and structure. True or false? If false, make statement true.

Answer 10

False.

Question 11

The protein structure used for the exchange of genetic information between two bacteria is called a _____.

Answer 11

pilus

Question 12

At temperatures below an enzyme optimum, enzyme function will be ____.

Answer 12

decreased

Question 13

A ______ inhibitor interacts with an enzyme at a location other than the active site.

Answer 13

noncompetitive

Question 14

Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain, while fermentation does not. True or false?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the name of the polysaccharide found in the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 15

peptidoglycan

Question 16

Penicillin targets

Answer 16

the peptide cross-links found in the peptidoglycan

Question 17

Some cells lack the Embden-Meyerhoff (glycolysis) pathway and instead catabolize glucose to pyruvate using an alternative pathway, the _____ pathway, to produce pyruvate, one ATP, and two NADPH.

Answer 17

Enter-Doudoroff

Question 18

In oxygenic photosynthesis, electrons are

Answer 18

Taken from water and then used to make NADPH.

Question 19

Which of the following protects the genome of a bacteriophage?

Answer 19

capsid

Question 20

Place the following events in the correct order: 1- cyanobacterium enters into symbiotic relationship with plant ancestor; 2- bacteria evolve anoxygenic photosynthesis; 3- cyanobacteria evolve oxygenic photosynthesis.

Answer 20

2-3-1

Question 21

In lactic acid fermentation, the molecule that receives electrons from NADH is:

Answer 21

pyruvate

Question 22

An organism that fixes carbon dioxide and uses energy from chemical sources is an

Answer 22

chemoautotroph

Question 23

Which pathway is found in the cytoplasm of cells in all domains and is central to metabolism?

Answer 23

Glycolysis

Question 24

What statement has the strongest evidence for Endosymbiotic Theory?

Answer 24

Chloroplast rRNA sequences match to cyanobacteria on the Tree of Life.

Question 25

Scientific theories are concepts primarily based on educated guesses. True or false?

Answer 25

False.

Question 26

The scientific term for a rod-shaped bacterial cell is a _____.

Answer 26

Bacillus/Bacilli

Question 27

A complex aggregation of microbes attached to and growing on a surface is called a ___.

Answer 27

biofilm

Question 28

Name the 3 domains of life.

Answer 28

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

Question 29

What molecule was first used to place organisms with related ones on the tree of life?

Answer 29

rRNA

Question 30

Name one specific ecosystem where microbes can live and name a genus of microorganisms that is found in that ecosystem.

Answer 30

Microbes can live in a human throat for a certain amount of time. Streptococcus

Question 31

Name one type of inclusion that is found in the bacterial cells.

Answer 31

vesicles

Question 32

A(n) ____ is a dormant form of a bacterial cell that develops inside the cell.

Answer 32

endospore

Question 33

Name one genus that produces the endospore.

Answer 33

Chlorodistridium

Question 34

For a flagellated bacterial cell, explain what happens to the cell depending on the direction of rotation of the flagellar motor and briefly describe or draw (with explanatory notes) the process by which the cell would move toward a food source.

Answer 34

• When it’s moving in the counter-clockwise direction, it will be moving towards the food.
• When it’s moving in the clockwise direction, it will change direction and begin to tumble
• Even if it’s in the counter-clockwise direction position, it has to change to clockwise because it can’t keep going the same direction.