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BIOL 2041 -- Microbiology Lecture (Updated) > BIOL 2041 Exam #2B > Flashcards

BIOL 2041 Exam #2B Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Facultative anaerobes typically grow faster when oxygen is present because oxygen metabolism can be used to make more ATP. True or false?

A

True

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2
Q

The growth optimum of a psychrophile is typically

A

10C

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3
Q

Bacteria that prefer to grow at low pH are known as ____.

A

acidophiles

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4
Q

Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase is a ____.

A

microaerophile

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5
Q

A _____ is a superoxide dismutase and catalase.

A

aerobe

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6
Q

A _____ is neither a superoxide dismutase and peroxidase nor a superoxide dismutase and catalase.

A

anaerobe

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7
Q

In chemically defined media, the amount of each component varies from batch to batch. True or false?

A

False

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8
Q

_____ describes an organism that has lost the ability to synthesize a particular growth requirement.

A

Auxotroph

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9
Q

_____ is a trace element.

A

Zinc

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10
Q

Mutation in the DNA must cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. True or false?

A

False

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11
Q

Ultraviolet light causes DNA damage through the formation of ________.

A

thymine dimers

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12
Q

The destruction of all forms of microbial life is called _____.

A

sterilization

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13
Q

A .22 micrometer filter can be used to remove almost all types of bacteria from a liquid. True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

A population of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas is moved to a location where the primary source of carbon is the chemical toluene. A few members of the population contain a non-conjugative plasmid that allows them to utilize toluene as a carbon source. Predict what the population will look like after several generations in this environment.

A

A greater % of the population will be those who carry the plasmid.

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15
Q

Translation begins with Met in eukaryotes and fMet in prokaryotes. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

DNA replication is bidirectional in prokaryotes and unidirectional in eukaryotes . True or false?

A

False

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17
Q

Transcription is 5’-3’ in eukaryotes and 3’-5’ in prokaryotes. True or false?

A

False

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18
Q

Multiple origins of DNA replication are typically found in …

A

both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

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19
Q

The messenger RNA of a eukaryotic cell are processed to-…

A

add a 5’ cap and poly-A tail.

20
Q

In prokaryotes. transcription and translation are separated in space and time. True or false?

A

False

21
Q

Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor bound, no transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.

A

present; lacking

22
Q

Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor not bound, low transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.

A

present; present

23
Q

Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor not bound, CAP bound, high transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.

A

lacking; present

24
Q

In the trytophan operon, the signal which regulates gene expression is ____.

A

internal

25
Q

The single-stranded RNA viruses (- strand) can immediately use their genome as an mRNA upon infection. True or false?

A

False

26
Q

Replication of the genome of double-stranded DNA viruses requires specialized enzymes not typically found in the host cell. True or false?

A

False

27
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of mobile genetic elements in maize (corn)?

A

Barbara McClintock

28
Q

The uptake of naked DNA by a component cell is called

A

transformation

29
Q

The transfer of DNA with the assistance of a pilus occurs in

A

conjugation

30
Q

Recombination that occurs anywhere along two homologous DNA molecules is called

A

general recombination

31
Q

An enzyme which cuts DNA at a specific sequence is called

A

restriction enzyme

32
Q

The process by which a heat-stable DNA polymerase is used to amplify DNA sequences through multiple replication cycles is called

A

Polymerase chain reaction

33
Q

You clone a DNA fragment into the segment of a plasmid containing the lacZ gene and an antiobiotic-resistance gene and transform the products into E. Coli. What is true if you plate the results of your experiment on plates containing the relevant antibiotic and the chemical X-gal?

A

Only the cells that have plasmids will grow, and the colonies will be white if they contain your DNA insert.

34
Q

Mobile genetic elements that can move from one site to another in the genome are called

A

transposons

35
Q

A temperate virus would typically be involved in specialized transduction.

A

True

36
Q

DNA-directed synthesis of RNA is

A

transcription

37
Q

What is the solidifying agent that we use to make our culture media in Petri plates?

A

agar

38
Q

A(n) ______ is a device we use in the lab to sterilize items using steam and pressure.

A

autoclave

39
Q

The group of viruses that converts their RNA genome to DNA for replication is called

A

retrovirus

40
Q

A _____ mutation is a change at a single base pair in the DNA sequence.

A

single point

41
Q

What must be removed from a eukaryotic gene before it can be transcribed by a prokaryotic cell?

A

?

42
Q

Draw and label all parts of the typical growth curve for a population of bacteria placed in fresh growth media within a culture flask. Briefly describe what is occurring in the first and the second phases of the curve.

A

[Include attachment]

43
Q

What are the 6 major chemical elements needed for life?

A

CHONPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur.

44
Q

Name one type of control of microbial growth for each category below. Give a specific example of how each type in our daily lives to control microbes.

Physical control type: ______
Physical example: ______

A

Physical removal; UV radiation or heat

45
Q

Name an example that was discussed in class of metabolic diversity that is found only in prokaryotes.

A

Methanogenesis

46
Q

Name one genus that contains the methanogenesis property.

A

Methanoccous (UNDERLINE!)

47
Q

Name one genus of bacteria that is naturally-competent.

A

Streptococcus (UNDERLINE!)

BIOL 2041 -- Microbiology Lecture (Updated) (13 decks)

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