BIOL 2041 Exam #2B Flashcards
Facultative anaerobes typically grow faster when oxygen is present because oxygen metabolism can be used to make more ATP. True or false?
True
The growth optimum of a psychrophile is typically
10C
Bacteria that prefer to grow at low pH are known as ____.
acidophiles
Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase is a ____.
microaerophile
A _____ is a superoxide dismutase and catalase.
aerobe
A _____ is neither a superoxide dismutase and peroxidase nor a superoxide dismutase and catalase.
anaerobe
In chemically defined media, the amount of each component varies from batch to batch. True or false?
False
_____ describes an organism that has lost the ability to synthesize a particular growth requirement.
Auxotroph
_____ is a trace element.
Zinc
Mutation in the DNA must cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. True or false?
False
Ultraviolet light causes DNA damage through the formation of ________.
thymine dimers
The destruction of all forms of microbial life is called _____.
sterilization
A .22 micrometer filter can be used to remove almost all types of bacteria from a liquid. True or false?
True
A population of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas is moved to a location where the primary source of carbon is the chemical toluene. A few members of the population contain a non-conjugative plasmid that allows them to utilize toluene as a carbon source. Predict what the population will look like after several generations in this environment.
A greater % of the population will be those who carry the plasmid.
Translation begins with Met in eukaryotes and fMet in prokaryotes. True or false?
True
DNA replication is bidirectional in prokaryotes and unidirectional in eukaryotes . True or false?
False
Transcription is 5’-3’ in eukaryotes and 3’-5’ in prokaryotes. True or false?
False
Multiple origins of DNA replication are typically found in …
both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
The messenger RNA of a eukaryotic cell are processed to-…
add a 5’ cap and poly-A tail.
In prokaryotes. transcription and translation are separated in space and time. True or false?
False
Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor bound, no transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.
present; lacking
Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor not bound, low transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.
present; present
Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor not bound, CAP bound, high transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.
lacking; present
In the trytophan operon, the signal which regulates gene expression is ____.
internal
The single-stranded RNA viruses (- strand) can immediately use their genome as an mRNA upon infection. True or false?
False
Replication of the genome of double-stranded DNA viruses requires specialized enzymes not typically found in the host cell. True or false?
False
Who won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of mobile genetic elements in maize (corn)?
Barbara McClintock
The uptake of naked DNA by a component cell is called
transformation
The transfer of DNA with the assistance of a pilus occurs in
conjugation
Recombination that occurs anywhere along two homologous DNA molecules is called
general recombination
An enzyme which cuts DNA at a specific sequence is called
restriction enzyme
The process by which a heat-stable DNA polymerase is used to amplify DNA sequences through multiple replication cycles is called
Polymerase chain reaction
You clone a DNA fragment into the segment of a plasmid containing the lacZ gene and an antiobiotic-resistance gene and transform the products into E. Coli. What is true if you plate the results of your experiment on plates containing the relevant antibiotic and the chemical X-gal?
Only the cells that have plasmids will grow, and the colonies will be white if they contain your DNA insert.
Mobile genetic elements that can move from one site to another in the genome are called
transposons
A temperate virus would typically be involved in specialized transduction.
True
DNA-directed synthesis of RNA is
transcription
What is the solidifying agent that we use to make our culture media in Petri plates?
agar
A(n) ______ is a device we use in the lab to sterilize items using steam and pressure.
autoclave
The group of viruses that converts their RNA genome to DNA for replication is called
retrovirus
A _____ mutation is a change at a single base pair in the DNA sequence.
single point
What must be removed from a eukaryotic gene before it can be transcribed by a prokaryotic cell?
?
Draw and label all parts of the typical growth curve for a population of bacteria placed in fresh growth media within a culture flask. Briefly describe what is occurring in the first and the second phases of the curve.
[Include attachment]
What are the 6 major chemical elements needed for life?
CHONPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur.
Name one type of control of microbial growth for each category below. Give a specific example of how each type in our daily lives to control microbes.
Physical control type: ______
Physical example: ______
Physical removal; UV radiation or heat
Name an example that was discussed in class of metabolic diversity that is found only in prokaryotes.
Methanogenesis
Name one genus that contains the methanogenesis property.
Methanoccous (UNDERLINE!)
Name one genus of bacteria that is naturally-competent.
Streptococcus (UNDERLINE!)
