BIOL 2041 Exam #2B

Question 1

Facultative anaerobes typically grow faster when oxygen is present because oxygen metabolism can be used to make more ATP. True or false?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The growth optimum of a psychrophile is typically

Answer 2

10C

Question 3

Bacteria that prefer to grow at low pH are known as ____.

Answer 3

acidophiles

Question 4

Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase is a ____.

Answer 4

microaerophile

Question 5

A _____ is a superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Answer 5

aerobe

Question 6

A _____ is neither a superoxide dismutase and peroxidase nor a superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Answer 6

anaerobe

Question 7

In chemically defined media, the amount of each component varies from batch to batch. True or false?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

_____ describes an organism that has lost the ability to synthesize a particular growth requirement.

Answer 8

Auxotroph

Question 9

_____ is a trace element.

Answer 9

Zinc

Question 10

Mutation in the DNA must cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. True or false?

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Ultraviolet light causes DNA damage through the formation of ________.

Answer 11

thymine dimers

Question 12

The destruction of all forms of microbial life is called _____.

Answer 12

sterilization

Question 13

A .22 micrometer filter can be used to remove almost all types of bacteria from a liquid. True or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

A population of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas is moved to a location where the primary source of carbon is the chemical toluene. A few members of the population contain a non-conjugative plasmid that allows them to utilize toluene as a carbon source. Predict what the population will look like after several generations in this environment.

Answer 14

A greater % of the population will be those who carry the plasmid.

Question 15

Translation begins with Met in eukaryotes and fMet in prokaryotes. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

DNA replication is bidirectional in prokaryotes and unidirectional in eukaryotes . True or false?

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Transcription is 5’-3’ in eukaryotes and 3’-5’ in prokaryotes. True or false?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Multiple origins of DNA replication are typically found in …

Answer 18

both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 19

The messenger RNA of a eukaryotic cell are processed to-…

Answer 19

add a 5’ cap and poly-A tail.

Question 20

In prokaryotes. transcription and translation are separated in space and time. True or false?

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor bound, no transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.

Answer 21

present; lacking

Question 22

Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor not bound, low transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.

Answer 22

present; present

Question 23

Match the correct condition to the relevant regulation in the lactose operon. Repressor not bound, CAP bound, high transcription. Hence, glucose ______, lactose ______.

Answer 23

lacking; present

Question 24

In the trytophan operon, the signal which regulates gene expression is ____.

Answer 24

internal

Question 25

The single-stranded RNA viruses (- strand) can immediately use their genome as an mRNA upon infection. True or false?

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Replication of the genome of double-stranded DNA viruses requires specialized enzymes not typically found in the host cell. True or false?

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Who won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of mobile genetic elements in maize (corn)?

Answer 27

Barbara McClintock

Question 28

The uptake of naked DNA by a component cell is called

Answer 28

transformation

Question 29

The transfer of DNA with the assistance of a pilus occurs in

Answer 29

conjugation

Question 30

Recombination that occurs anywhere along two homologous DNA molecules is called

Answer 30

general recombination

Question 31

An enzyme which cuts DNA at a specific sequence is called

Answer 31

restriction enzyme

Question 32

The process by which a heat-stable DNA polymerase is used to amplify DNA sequences through multiple replication cycles is called

Answer 32

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 33

You clone a DNA fragment into the segment of a plasmid containing the lacZ gene and an antiobiotic-resistance gene and transform the products into E. Coli. What is true if you plate the results of your experiment on plates containing the relevant antibiotic and the chemical X-gal?

Answer 33

Only the cells that have plasmids will grow, and the colonies will be white if they contain your DNA insert.

Question 34

Mobile genetic elements that can move from one site to another in the genome are called

Answer 34

transposons

Question 35

A temperate virus would typically be involved in specialized transduction.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

DNA-directed synthesis of RNA is

Answer 36

transcription

Question 37

What is the solidifying agent that we use to make our culture media in Petri plates?

Answer 37

agar

Question 38

A(n) ______ is a device we use in the lab to sterilize items using steam and pressure.

Answer 38

autoclave

Question 39

The group of viruses that converts their RNA genome to DNA for replication is called

Answer 39

retrovirus

Question 40

A _____ mutation is a change at a single base pair in the DNA sequence.

Answer 40

single point

Question 41

What must be removed from a eukaryotic gene before it can be transcribed by a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 41

?

Question 42

Draw and label all parts of the typical growth curve for a population of bacteria placed in fresh growth media within a culture flask. Briefly describe what is occurring in the first and the second phases of the curve.

Answer 42

[Include attachment]

Question 43

What are the 6 major chemical elements needed for life?

Answer 43

CHONPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur.

Question 44

Name one type of control of microbial growth for each category below. Give a specific example of how each type in our daily lives to control microbes. Physical control type: ______ Physical example: ______

Answer 44

Physical removal; UV radiation or heat

Question 45

Name an example that was discussed in class of metabolic diversity that is found only in prokaryotes.

Answer 45

Methanogenesis

Question 46

Name one genus that contains the methanogenesis property.

Answer 46

*Methanoccous* (UNDERLINE!)

Question 47

Name one genus of bacteria that is naturally-competent.

Answer 47

*Streptococcus* (UNDERLINE!)