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KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS > LEC > Flashcards

LEC Flashcards

lec deck

1
Q

What are the two types of cells

A
  1. neurons (nerve cells)
  2. glial cells
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2
Q

true or false neurons communicate via chemical synaptic transmissions

A

true

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3
Q

what are the following neuron types:

B1:
B2:
B3:

A

B1: Unipolar
B2: Bipolar
B3: Multipolar

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4
Q

which neurons are least common

A

unipolar and bipolar

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5
Q

microglial cell function

A

scavenger function, example microglial cells will remove debre when the Nervous tissue cuts off blood supply and the cells die, ex stroke pt.

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6
Q

types of the macroglial cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes –> CNS
  2. Oligodendrocytes –> CNS
  3. Schwann cells –> PNS
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7
Q

what is the difference between oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

A

oligodendrocytes :
- attaches to little chunks of multiple cells.
- part of the CNS

schwann cells :
- Attach to one axon one cells
- part of PNS

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8
Q

What is the role of astrocytes?

A
  • supportive cells
  • bridge Neuro and Vasculature
  • contribute to the bbb
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9
Q

SYNAPTIC COMMUNICATION:
neurotransmitters

A. excitatory
B. Inhibition
c. excitation + inhibition

A

a. Na+ enters
- glutamate : most common
- acetylcholine
- positive AP

b. Cl- enters
- GABA: most common in brain
- Glycine: most common in spinal cord
- negative AP

c. -AP (PG 10)

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10
Q

WHAT are the 7 regions of the brain

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon
  3. midbrain
  4. pons
    5 cerebellum
  5. medulla
  6. spinal cord
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11
Q

what are the 5 vesicle stages and what are they known for

A
  1. telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon: thalamus + hypothalamus
  3. mesencephalon: midbrain
  4. metencephalon: pons
  5. myelencephalon: medulla
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12
Q

what are the three main functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. sensory + motor control of the limbs and trunk
  2. conduit (channel) for ascending sensory and descending motor tracts
  3. regulation of visceral functions
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13
Q

what are the primary functions of the brain stem (hindbrain + midbrain) ?

A
  1. conduit (channel) for ascending sensory and descending motor tracts
  2. sensory and motor control (brachial plexus) of the head
  3. integration of info for control of arousal and other higher order brain functions
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14
Q

functions of the cerebellum ?

A
  1. Co-ordination of eye and head movements
  2. Control of posture and balance
  3. Motor learning
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15
Q

functions of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus:
- relay info to cerebral cortex

hypothalamus:
- regulate
-ANS (autonomic nervous system)
- of hormones

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16
Q

true or false? ALL sensory info will have a thalamic relay except smell

A

true no thalamic relay

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17
Q

functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  • planning & production of movement, speech, cognition, and emotions
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18
Q

functions of the parietal lobe?

A

somatosensory perception of touch, pain and limb position

how to remember: PPPPPPParietal = Pain

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19
Q

functions of the occipital lobe?

A
  • visual perception
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20
Q

functions of the temporal lobe?

A

visual perception
auditory perception
memory and emotions

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21
Q

functions of the hippocampus?

A

learning and memory

located in temporal lobe

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22
Q

functions of the amygdala?

A

emotions and fight/ flight responses

located in temporal lobe

23
Q

functions of basal ganglia

A

movement, cognition, and emotions

  • motor control
  • learning for patterns and sequences
24
Q

anterior circulation of the CNS

A

carotid

25
Q

posterior circulation of the CNS

A

vertebral arteries

26
Q

what is the importance of the circle of willis

A
  • distribution of blood is evenly done
  • if there is a partial blockage of flow there is compensation and blood can still reach. the brain

it can allow blood flow to continue if major vessel is blocked on one side of the art

27
Q

what arteries make the circle of willis

A
  • ant cerebral art
  • post cerebral art
  • internal carotid art
28
Q

what are the two branches of the middle cerebral art

A
  1. superficial (cortical) branches
  2. deep (lenticulostriate) branches
29
Q

name the type of stroke:

blockage of blood flow by plaque (embolus) or a blood clot (thrombosis)

A

ischemic stroke

blockage / blood clot

30
Q

name the type of stroke:

rupture of a weak blood vessel, usually from small perforating arteries

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

rupture of blood vessel

31
Q

name the type of stroke:

  • vessel wall weakining then balloon bursts
  • rupture of a balloon-like swelling of an arterial wall
A

Aneurysm

wall weaking –> balloon

32
Q

the cervical spinal cord is supplied by what?

A

ant spinal art
post spinal art
radicuar art

33
Q

the thoracic lumbar and sacral spinal cord is supplied by what?

A

radicualr art

34
Q

what is an a name for an important radicular art

A

Artery of Adamkiewick

35
Q

midbrain vasculature

A

post cerebral art
basilar art

36
Q

pons vasculature

A

superior cerebellar art (SCA)
Basilar art
AICA (ant in cerebellar art)

37
Q

upper medulla vasculature

A

PICA
Vertebral art

38
Q

Lower medulla vasculature

A

post spinal art
vertebral art
anterior spinal art

39
Q

cerebellum vasculature and specific location rostral, middle, caudal

A

ROSTRAL: SCA
MIDDLE: AICA
CAUDAL: PICA

40
Q

Why are there white striations seen on the pons

A

form for the connection of the cerebellum to the brain stem, they are unique to the pons

41
Q

group 1 and 2 fibres sensory afferents=

A

large diameter
faster conduction
terminate in deeper layers of dorsal horn

ex)
- mechanoreceptors (touch, proprioception, position)
- pacinian corpuscles
- GTO
- Ruffinis corpuscles
- Messner receptors
- Merkels receptors

42
Q

group 3 and 4 fibres sensory afferent=

A

small diameter
slower conduction
terminate in superficial layers of dorsal horn

ex)
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
histamine

43
Q

DCML transmits

A

touch, position sense (kinesthesis)

=

large diameter fibres
faster conduction
terminate in deeper layers of dorsal horn

ex)
- mechanoreceptors (touch, proprioception, position)
- pacinian corpuscles
- GTO
- Ruffinis corpuscles
- Messner receptors
- Merkels receptors

44
Q

anterolateral system transmits

A

temperature, pain, itch

=

small diameter
slower conduction
terminate in superficial layers of dorsal horn

ex)
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
histamine (itch)

45
Q

muscle spindles are 1a or 1b?

A

1a)

  • postion sense
  • sensitive to stretch
46
Q

GTO are 1a or 1b?

A

1b)

  • sense of muscle force

(how to remember (tendons are at the end of each muslcle also considered bottom of each muscle, so = 1B)

47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q

muscle spindles are part of what tract

A

DCML

51
Q

GTO are part of what tract?

A

DCML

52
Q
A
53
Q
A

KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS (9 decks)

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