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KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS > Chapter 3: Vasculature of CNS > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Vasculature of CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

The principal source of nourishment for the CNS is?

A

glucose

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2
Q

to maintain a constant brain volume, CSF is ?

A

returned to the blood through structures that function like valves between the subarachnoid space and dural sinuses

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3
Q

Ischemia:______

A

reduction of arterial blood supply to an area of the CNS, = decrease delivery of oxygenated blood to tissue terming ISCHEMIA

simple terms:
- some part of ur body is not getting enough blood, so its not getting enough oxygen

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4
Q

decreased blood supply (ischemia) usually happens when?

A
  • artery becomes occluded (blocked/ closed) by (embolus or stenosis)
  • drop in systemic blood pressure (ex, during Heart attack)
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5
Q

blood supply of spinal cord

A
  • ant spinal A
  • post spinal A
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6
Q

blood supply of Medulla

A
  • ant spinal A
  • post spinal A
  • vertebral A
  • PICA
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7
Q

blood supply of pons

A
  • basilar A
  • AICA
  • Superior cerebellar A (SCA)
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8
Q

blood supply of Cerebellum

A
  • PICA
  • AICA
  • Superior cerebellar A (SCA)
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9
Q

blood supply of Midbrain

A
  • Basilar A
  • Superior cerebellar A (SCA)
  • Post Cerebral A
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10
Q

blood supply of frontal lobe

A
  • middle cerebral
  • ant cerebral
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11
Q

blood supply of parietal lobe

A
  • middle cerebral A
  • ant cerebral A
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12
Q

blood supply of occipital lobe

A
  • post cerebral A
  • Middle Cerebral A
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13
Q

blood supply of temporal lobe

A
  • post cerebral A
  • Middle Cerebral A
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14
Q

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) is a ________

A

brief reduction in blood flow which will produce transient neurological signs

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15
Q

if iscgemia is presistant and is uncorrected for several minutes it can cause _________

A

death of the tissue, termed an infarction, this can result in more enduring or even permanent (ischemic stroke)

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16
Q

Collateral circulation is

A

alternate or “backup” blood vessels in your body that can take over when another artery or vein becomes blocked or damaged.

under special circumstances because of this a ischemic stroke or infarction may not occur

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17
Q

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE can occur when

A

an artery ruptures, releasing blood into surrounding tissue

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18
Q

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE example

A

aneurysm or ballooning of artery

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19
Q

which STROKE produces a loss of downstream flow but also can damage brain tissue at the rupture site

A

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

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20
Q

principal blood supply for the brain

ant circulation:
post circulation:

A

ant circulation: internal carotid arteries
post circulation: vertebral arteries

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21
Q

middle cerebral artery passes through what?

A

sylvian fissure or lateral sulcus

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22
Q

true or false? brain stem receives blood only from the posterior circulation

A

true

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23
Q

true or false? cerebral hemispheres receive blood from both ant, and post circulations

A

true

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24
Q

true or false? most cerebral veins drain first into the dura sinuses

A
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25
Q

what is the arterial supply of the spinal cord?

A
  • spinal A post and ant
  • radicular A’s
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26
Q

the cervical spinal cord is supplied by?

A
  • vertebral A
  • radicular A’s
27
Q

true or false when spinal cord segments are supplied by a single artery they are less likely to be vulnerable to infarction?

A

false
more likely to be vulnerable to infarction?

28
Q

the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord are supplied manly by?

A
  • radicular A’s
29
Q

true or false? segments that receive redundant or collateral blood supply tend to fare better following single vessel occlusion

A

true

30
Q

Artery Of Adamkiewicz supplies what?

A

lower portion of spinal cord (t8)

31
Q

interuption of blood supply to critical areas can?

A

produce sensory and motor control impairments

32
Q

what is the blood supply of the brain stem?

A
  • Vertbral A
  • Bassilar A
33
Q

spinal arteries come _______ whereas arteries supplying the brainstem supply _______

A

ventrally and dorsally whereas arteries supplying the brainstem supply dorsally

34
Q

true or false the spinal arteries supply a small portion of the medulla?

A

true

35
Q

true or false occlusions of the medulla blood supply can cause impairments in voluntary limb movement and sensation

A

true because, the arteries that supply the medulla also supply axons of the Corticospinal tract and the medial Lemniscus

36
Q

what is the name of the junction that allow the to vertebral arteries to join and form the basillar Artery

A

PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION

37
Q

DORSAL MEANS

A

BACK/ UPPER SIDE, (POST)

38
Q

ROSTRUAL MEANS

A

TOWARDS NOSE

39
Q

CAUDAL MEANS

A

TOWARDS TAIL

40
Q

VENTRAL MEANS

A

TOWARD STOMACH

41
Q

What supplies the caudal portion of the cerebellum

A

PICA

42
Q

What supplies the rostral portions of the cerebellum

A

AICA
SCA- Superior Cerebellar A

43
Q

the basilar A splits where to make cerebral arteries

A

pons medulla border

44
Q

__________ A nourishes most of the midbrain

A

Post Cerebral A

45
Q

the colliculi is the principal portion of the

A

Tectum (roof)

46
Q

what are the four segments of the internal carotid Artery

and which to segments form the carotid siphon?

A
  1. Cervical Segment: enters carotid canal
  2. Intrapetrosal Segment: courses through petrous portion of temporal bone
  3. Intracavernous segment: courses through cavernous sinus + venous structure overlying sphenoid bone
  4. Cerebral segment: extends to bifurcation of internal carotid art (ant and mid cerebral art)

intracavernous + cerebral portions form the carotid siphon

47
Q

the posterior communicating A primarily supplies?

A

diencephalon structures

48
Q

the anterior chorodial art supplies?

A

diencephalon
subcortical telencepahlic structures
post limb of internal capsule

49
Q

true or false? everyone has a complete circle of willis

A

false. more than 50% of people have incomplete circle of Willis’s

and because this people may not compensate for an occluded artery.

50
Q

The internal capsule plays a crucial role in
________________

It’s made up of different parts:

Anterior limb: Carries fibers ______

Posterior limb: Contains important ___________

Genu: The bend between the anterior and posterior limbs, containing _____________

A

transmitting motor and sensory information between the cortex and the spinal cord, as well as between different parts of the brain.

connecting the frontal lobe to the thalamus.

motor fibers that travel from the motor cortex to the brainstem and spinal cord, as well as sensory fibres.

fibers important for motor control of the face and head.

51
Q

the basal ganglia is supplied by?

A
  • ant & middle cerebral A
  • ant chorodial A
52
Q

thalamus is supplied by?

A

post cerebral A
post communicating A

53
Q

internal capsule is supplied by?

A

ant, middle, post cerebral A
ant chorodial A

54
Q

the hypothalamus is supplied by?

A

ant cerebral
post cerebral
ant communicating
post communicating

55
Q

the cerebral cortex is supplied by the ?

A

distal branches of the:
- ant Cerebral A
- middle Cerebral A
- post Cerebral A

56
Q

the middle cerebral begins at _____ of internal carotid and courses through the _______

A

bifurcation
lateral sulcus

57
Q

the anterior cerebral art courses through _________

A

saggital fissue

58
Q

cerebral veins drain into

A

dural sinuses

59
Q

superficial veins arise from ______ underlying ______.

A

cerebral cortex
white matter

60
Q

what is an example of a deep cerebral vein

A

internal cerebral vein

61
Q

the dural sinus functions as _________

A

low pressure channels for venous blood flow back into systemic circulation

62
Q

the sinuses are located between

A

the dura layers the Periosteal and meningeal layer

63
Q

the superficial cerebral veins drain into the

A

superior and inferior sagittal sinus

64
Q

csf circulation:

A

choroid plexus
lat ventricles
interventricular formamina
csf enters 3rd ventricles
cerebral aquaduct
fourth ventricle
subarachnoid space via apatures

KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS (9 decks)

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