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KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Readings

1
Q

what are the two major classes of Glia?

A
  1. Macroglia
  2. Microglia
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2
Q

what is the role of Microglia?

A

scavenger
cleans up debris / gets rid of dead cells.
promote tissue repair
destroy invading microorganisms
mediate changes in neuronal properties after NS damage; sometimes maladaptive (not providing adequate or appropriate adjustment to the environment or situation.)

they respond to nervous system infection or damage

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3
Q

what are the roles of Macroglia

A
  1. nutritive
  2. support cells
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4
Q

what Macroglia cells are in CNS and PNS and their functions

A

CNS:
1. Astrocytes: supportive cells, bridge neuro and vasculature and contribute to the BBB (blood brain barrier)
2. Oligodendrocytes: myelinate multiple cells, it has multiple tenticles attaching to many different types of cells
3. Ependymal cells: line fluid filled cavaties in the CNE
PNS
1. Schwann cells: myelinate one cells in one area

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5
Q

astrocytes in the NS acts as?

A

scaffolds for growing axons and guides for migrating immature neurons

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6
Q

T or F? many synapses are associated with astrocytes

A

true.
they are associated in that they may monitor synaptic actions and provide chemical feedback

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7
Q

T or F? Astrocytes contribute to the BBB?

A

true. which can influence the neuronal firing!

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8
Q

what are the important roles for Ependymal cells?

A
  1. Regulating the flow of chemical from fluid filled cavities into the brain.
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9
Q

what is the flow chart for the NS

A

look at pg 13 of Lec 1 In KIN 301

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10
Q

What are the seven major divisions of the CNS?

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon (thalamus+hypothalamus)
  3. midbrain (brain stem)
  4. pons (brain stem)
  5. cerebellum
  6. medulla
  7. spinal cord (brain stem)
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11
Q

what is another name for PROSENCEPHALON

A

FOREBRAIN

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12
Q

what is another name for MESENCEPHALON

A

MIDBRAIN

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13
Q

what is another name for RHOMBENCEPHALON

A

HINDBRAIN

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14
Q

what is another name for
TELENCEPHALON

A

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

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15
Q

what is another name for
DIENCEPHALON

A

THALAMUS + HYPOTHALAMUS

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16
Q

what is another name for
METENCEPHALON

A

PONS

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17
Q

what is another name for
MYELENCEPHALON

A

MEDULLA

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18
Q

what are the two flexures

A
  1. cervical flexure: medulla level
  2. cephalic flexure: midbrain level
19
Q

what are the three general functions of the brain stem?

A
  1. receives sensory information from cranial structures and controls
  2. the brain stem is a channel for information flow because ascending sensory and descending motor tracts travel through it
  3. nuclei in the brain stem integrate diverse info
20
Q

what are the functions of the diencephalon?

A

participate in;
- diverse sensory, motor and integrative functions

thalamus: transmit info to cerebral hemispheres.

hypothalamus: controls endocrine hormone release and the overall function of the autonomic nervous system

21
Q

T or F everyone has a Thalamic Adhesion

A

false.

22
Q

T or F? the cerebral hemispheres are the most highly developed portions of the human CNS

A

true.

23
Q

what are the structures within the cerebral hemispheres?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex
  2. Hippocampal formation
  3. Amygdala
  4. Basal Ganglia
24
Q

why are these important?

  1. Hippocampal formation
  2. Amygdala
A
  1. important for learning and memory
  2. participates in emotions and helps coordinate the body’s response to stressful situations

both are part of the limbic system

25
Q

the primary auditory cortex lies where?

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus

26
Q

where are the primary motor and somatic sensory areas located?

A

in the Pre and Postcentral Gyri

27
Q

the primary visual cortex lies where?

A

in the banks of the calcarine fissure

28
Q

what are the functions of the frontal lobe

A
  • serves diverse BEHAVIOURAL FUNCTIONS
  • CONTROLS MOVEMENT; direction, speed
  • SPEECH articulation (Broca’s area)
  • COMPLEX PROCESSING of sensory and other information for higher brain function (emotion, behaviour, thought, language, memory)
29
Q

what are the functions of the parietal lobe

A
  • mediates perceptions of TOUCH, PAIN, LIMB POSITION (primary somatic sensory cortex)

superior parietal lobe:
- higher order areas (somatic sensory) for further processing
- self image + behaviour

inferior parietal lobe:
- integration of perception and language, math and visuals

30
Q

what are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A
  • most singular in function, subserving vision
  • important for visual processing + elaboration (determining the shapes)
  • fusiform gyrus: recognition of faces
31
Q

what are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  • participates in memory and emotions
  • perception + location of sounds
  • Wernicke’s area: speech area
32
Q

what is the corpus Callosum and its role

A

contains axons that interconnect the cortex on the two sides

tracts that contain these axons are called: Commissures

33
Q

true or false information between the occipital lobes travels through the Splenium of the corpus callosum whereas other lobes travels through the rostrum

A

false:

  1. information between the occipital lobes travels through the Splenium
  2. other lobes travels through the rostrum, Genu, and Body
34
Q

what connects each lateral ventricle with the third ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen (Monro)

35
Q

what are the meninges layers?

A
  1. dura
  2. arachnoid
    3 pia mater
36
Q

what are the two dura mater layers?

A
  1. periosteal
  2. meningeal
37
Q

what does the falx cerebri do??

A

incompletely seperates the two cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

what does the Tentorium cerebelli do?

A

seperates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

true or false? the arachnoid mater is not tightly bound to the dura mater?

A

true. thats what allows for the subdural space to exist

40
Q

what is a subdural hematoma?

A

a blood clot formed from ruptured blood vessels from the dura mater. blood clot is located in the subdural space

41
Q

the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is called what?

A

subarachnoid space

42
Q

neuroanatomical names:
1. ventral (brain)
2. rostral
3. dorsal
4. caudal

A
  1. inferior
  2. anterior
  3. superior
  4. posterior
43
Q

True or False? ventral can be inferior in terms of the brain but anterior in terms of the spinal cord

A

true

KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS (9 decks)

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