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KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Readings

1
Q

what are the two major classes of Glia?

A
  1. Macroglia
  2. Microglia
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2
Q

what is the role of Microglia?

A

scavenger
cleans up debris / gets rid of dead cells.
promote tissue repair
destroy invading microorganisms
mediate changes in neuronal properties after NS damage; sometimes maladaptive (not providing adequate or appropriate adjustment to the environment or situation.)

they respond to nervous system infection or damage

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3
Q

what are the roles of Macroglia

A
  1. nutritive
  2. support cells
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4
Q

what Macroglia cells are in CNS and PNS and their functions

A

CNS:
1. Astrocytes: supportive cells, bridge neuro and vasculature and contribute to the BBB (blood brain barrier)
2. Oligodendrocytes: myelinate multiple cells, it has multiple tenticles attaching to many different types of cells
3. Ependymal cells: line fluid filled cavaties in the CNE
PNS
1. Schwann cells: myelinate one cells in one area

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5
Q

astrocytes in the NS acts as?

A

scaffolds for growing axons and guides for migrating immature neurons

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6
Q

T or F? many synapses are associated with astrocytes

A

true.
they are associated in that they may monitor synaptic actions and provide chemical feedback

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7
Q

T or F? Astrocytes contribute to the BBB?

A

true. which can influence the neuronal firing!

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8
Q

what are the important roles for Ependymal cells?

A
  1. Regulating the flow of chemical from fluid filled cavities into the brain.
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9
Q

what is the flow chart for the NS

A

look at pg 13 of Lec 1 In KIN 301

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10
Q

What are the seven major divisions of the CNS?

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon (thalamus+hypothalamus)
  3. midbrain (brain stem)
  4. pons (brain stem)
  5. cerebellum
  6. medulla
  7. spinal cord (brain stem)
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11
Q

what is another name for PROSENCEPHALON

A

FOREBRAIN

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12
Q

what is another name for MESENCEPHALON

A

MIDBRAIN

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13
Q

what is another name for RHOMBENCEPHALON

A

HINDBRAIN

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14
Q

what is another name for
TELENCEPHALON

A

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

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15
Q

what is another name for
DIENCEPHALON

A

THALAMUS + HYPOTHALAMUS

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16
Q

what is another name for
METENCEPHALON

A

PONS

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17
Q

what is another name for
MYELENCEPHALON

A

MEDULLA

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18
Q

what are the two flexures

A
  1. cervical flexure: medulla level
  2. cephalic flexure: midbrain level
19
Q

what are the three general functions of the brain stem?

A
  1. receives sensory information from cranial structures and controls
  2. channel for information flow because ascending sensory and descending motor tracts travel through it
  3. integrate diverse info via nuclei in brainstem
20
Q

what are the functions of the diencephalon?

A

participate in;
- diverse sensory, motor and integrative functions

thalamus: transmit info to cerebral hemispheres.

hypothalamus: controls endocrine hormone release and the overall function of the autonomic nervous system

21
Q

T or F everyone has a Thalamic Adhesion

A

false.

22
Q

T or F? the cerebral hemispheres are the most highly developed portions of the human CNS

A

true.

23
Q

what are the structures within the cerebral hemispheres?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex
  2. Hippocampal formation
  3. Amygdala
  4. Basal Ganglia
24
Q

why are these important?

  1. Hippocampal formation
  2. Amygdala
A
  1. important for learning and memory
  2. participates in emotions and helps coordinate the body’s response to stressful situations

both are part of the limbic system

25
Q

the primary auditory cortex lies where?

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus

26
Q

where are the primary motor and somatic sensory areas located?

A

in the Pre and Postcentral Gyri

27
Q

the primary visual cortex lies where?

A

in the banks of the calcarine fissure

28
Q

what are the functions of the frontal lobe

A
  • serves diverse BEHAVIOURAL FUNCTIONS
  • CONTROLS MOVEMENT; direction, speed
  • SPEECH articulation (Broca’s area)
  • COMPLEX PROCESSING of sensory and other information for higher brain function (emotion, behaviour, thought, language, memory)
29
Q

what are the functions of the parietal lobe

A
  • mediates perceptions of TOUCH, PAIN, LIMB POSITION (primary somatic sensory cortex)

superior parietal lobe:
- higher order areas (somatic sensory) for further processing
- self image + behaviour

inferior parietal lobe:
- integration of perception and language, math and visuals

30
Q

what are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A
  • most singular in function, subserving vision
  • important for visual processing + elaboration (determining the shapes)
  • fusiform gyrus: recognition of faces
31
Q

what are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  • memory and emotion
  • perception + location of sounds
  • speech
32
Q

what is the corpus Callosum and its role

A

contains axons that interconnect the cortex on the two sides

tracts that contain these axons are called: Commissures

33
Q

true or false information between the occipital lobes travels through the Splenium of the corpus callosum whereas other lobes travels through the rostrum

A

false:

  1. information between the occipital lobes travels through the Splenium
  2. other lobes travels through the rostrum, Genu, and Body
34
Q

what connects each lateral ventricle with the third ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen (Monro)

35
Q

what are the meninges layers?

A
  1. dura
  2. arachnoid
    3 pia mater
36
Q

what are the two dura mater layers?

A
  1. periosteal
  2. meningeal
37
Q

what does the falx cerebri do??

A

incompletely seperates the two cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

what does the Tentorium cerebelli do?

A

seperates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

true or false? the arachnoid mater is not tightly bound to the dura mater?

A

true. thats what allows for the subdural space to exist

40
Q

what is a subdural hematoma?

A

a blood clot formed from ruptured blood vessels from the dura mater. blood clot is located in the subdural space

41
Q

the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is called what?

A

subarachnoid space

42
Q

neuroanatomical names:
1. ventral (brain)
2. rostral
3. dorsal
4. caudal

A
  1. inferior
  2. anterior
  3. superior
  4. posterior
43
Q

True or False? ventral can be inferior in terms of the brain but anterior in terms of the spinal cord

A

true

KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS (9 decks)

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