lec 13

Question 1

what is scope?

Answer 1

activity between the max and min boundaries of activity

Question 2

what are some general traits of O2 consumption as a function of running speed?

Answer 2

• faster u run = more O2 consumed
• smaller animals have generally lower running speeds
• larger animals have lower rates of O2 consumption (more gradual slope)
• larger animals have higher base running speeds (higher BMR)

Question 3

what are some different approaches to strategies of movement?

Answer 3

metabolic rate: energy cost per unit of time (more useful for immediate activity like hunting)

cost of transport: energy cost per unit of distance (more useful for long distance travel)

Question 4

what is the most efficient category of moving: running, swimming, or flying? why?

Answer 4

swimming is the most efficient in terms of adaptations, bc a swim bladder accounts for buoyancy

Question 5

theres a big line on the types of movement chart that indicates the migratory line, where animals are more likely to migrate. what are some trends we notice?

Answer 5

• larger animals are more likely to migrate
• migratory animals are lower energy cost in movement

Question 6

in terms of VO2 max, what makes pronghorns stand out?

Answer 6

super high VO2 max per body weight (well above expected)
- high amounts of SO tissue
- higher lung capacity
- more mitochondria in cells

Question 7

what is a scope of induction? which have it higher: ectotherms or endotherms?

Answer 7

scope of induction indicates [max rates of metabolism]
ectotherms have higher scope of induction

Question 8

how is heat lost to the environment?

Answer 8

• conduction: heat moving bw two solids
• radiation
• advection: heat carried along through a moving fluid
• metabolic heat radiated outward
• evaporative water loss

Question 9

between 1973 and 1995, global warming was found to have pronounced effects on caterpillars and great tits. what is this relationship?

Answer 9

caterpillars were developing faster, potentially due to global warming. due to accelerating development timelines, there were less caterpillar around when great tits were coming back (growing up? migrating back?) and with less food comes declining populations.

Question 10

antelope jackrabbits got big as fuck ears. what are two explanations of this adaptation? which came first?

Answer 10

antelope jackrabbit got big ears for releasing heat (highly vascularized) and hearing

releasing heat is thought to be the intended purpose (ultimate) and hearing is the ‘hey its here why don’t we use it for something else’ (proximate)