extra idk

Question 1

what does aldosterone do?

Answer 1

targets principal cells in collecting duct, incr # Na channels for incr salt absorption

Question 2

explain what is filtration, secretion, resorption, and excretion

Answer 2

filtration: filtering out big things like proteins
secretion: getting salts, glucose, amino acids, etc from blood into nephron
resorption: getting salts, glucose, amino acids, water, etc from nephron back into blood
excretion: go piss girl

Question 3

what is the diff bw cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons ?

Answer 3

jux nephrons go much deeper than cortical nephrons, which means longer loop of henle (way more water resorption)

Question 4

what is the purpose of the podocyte?

Answer 4

create a barrier (slits) for only water and small solutes to enter in

Question 5

what is the interaction of glomerulus and bowman’s capsule? what are the three deciders of this?

Answer 5

blood pumps into the bowman’s capsule

1. blood pressure: blood pressure from heartbeat pumps blood into bowman’s
2. colloid osmotic pressure: because salts are moved against their conc gradient, they wanna go back
3. capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure: water doesnt like moving idk something something adhesion

Question 6

where does resorption occur?

Answer 6

pretty much everywhere bw bowman’s and bladder
- prox tube: absorbs salts, glucose, amino acids, water
- loop of henle: water + solutes absorbed (single effect/multiplication)
- distal tube: absorbs water (ADH: more aquaporin expression via GCPR)
- collecting duct: absorbs salts (aldosterone: recruits more Na+ channels in principal cells)

Question 7

what does a larger renal papilla mean?

Answer 7

larger loop of henle – more water retention

Question 8

larger animals have relatively thinner medullas for their body size. what does this mean

Answer 8

as body size incr, SA:V decr. with a lower SA:V comes limited space; the medulla may be thinner, but its optimized to be more efficient

Question 9

what are hyper-isosmotic regulators? hyper-hyposmotic regulators?

Answer 9

hyper-iso are hyper at most times, and iso at other times. iso suggests some conformity.

hyper-hypo look more like euryhaline
osmoregulators

Question 10

how does ADH interact with a GCPR?

Answer 10

1. ADH binds to receptors on the kidney
2. receptor is a GCPR, coupled to a G prot
3. starts the secondary pathway using adenylate cyclase, which turns ATP to cAMP (second messenger(
4. cAMP activates prot kinase A (PKA)
5. activation of PKA causes expression of AQP-2