Lec 11 - Key concepts of one health Flashcards
What is one health?
The intertwined health of humans, animals and the environment
What are some modern issues affecting one health?
- Increased new and re/emerging diseases
- Drug resistance increasing re-emergence
- Increased pandemics and epidemics
- Increased environmental dmg and interaction
- How to process more data
What did Hippocrates recognise in health?
Miasma/zymotic theory of disease coming from bad air
What did John Snow discover in epidemiology?
Proved London cholera outbreak came from contaminated water pump
What term did Rudolf Virchow invent and what experiment was he involved in?
“Zoonosis”
Experiment = fed dog with cadaver containing white flecks with the dog dying from Trichinella. Led to food safety program
Which 2 historical figures coined “one health/medicine”?
Calvin Schwabe and Angela Cassidy
Why do humans have such a big effect on one health?
Humans don’t live in isolation, so what we do has a domino effect on everything around us
What are the reasons for re/emergence of diseases?
- Increased antibiotic drug resistance and spread of pathogens
- Increased interaction with sylvatic animals
- Increased reliance on intensive animal farming
What are some reasons why diseases are re/emerging?
- Bigger human population with more susceptible old people
- Farming, land usage, new environments
- Pollution and environment dmg
- Antibiotic usage
- Climate change
- Global travel and transport
Which country is the major source of re/emerging diseases?
US mainly with hotspots in China, India, Africa and Europe
What are the causative factors of emergence?
- Population growth = faster transmission
- Industrialisation = changed environment
- Geopolitical problems
- Biodiversity erosion
List the stages of infection with sylvatic animals
- Only animals
- Primary infection to humans only
- Limited outbreak from animals and humans
- Long outbreak from animals and humans
- Only humans
What are the 4 types of cycles with vector borne diseases?
- Enzootic/sylvatic = primary/enzootic vector and vertebrate reservoir
- Epizootic/rural = primary accessory vector and domestic amplifyer
- Urban/epidemic = urban vector and humans
- Dead-end/incidental = enzootic/bridge vector and dead-end host
What are the impacts of human travel?
Increased transmission from travel of disease while in incubation
What are the impacts of animal husbandry and agriculture?
- Reliance on mass production with huge waste generation
- Chemicals, antibiotics and fertilisers
- Food recycling dangerous (prions)
