Lec 11 Flashcards
What are the brain areas involved in emotion?
Brainstem
Orbitofrontal cortex
Limbic system
The brainstem…
The brainstem (power) Locus coeruleus: -Norepinephrine--deals with: emotional arousal, depression/pleasure and stress -VTA, substantia nigra -Dopamine--exhilaration
The orbitofrontal cortex
(controller)
Inhibits raw emotions from amygdala
The limbic system
(Integrator)
- Hypothalamus–ANS reaction
- Amygdala–aggression and fear, and emotional memory
- Hippocampus-memory
- Cingulate gyrus–pain processing and empathy
What is the medial forebrain bundle?
Tract rises from midbrain through the hypothalamus, contains many sites for self-stimulation.
What is Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?
May present with compulsive eating, hypersexuality, insertion of inappropriate objects in mouth (hyperorality), visual agnosia, and docility.
What is the neural circuitry for disgust?
Activates the insula. Guilt does too. When we hear “thats disgusting” story (moral disgust) our insula light up.
What is the neural circuity for laughter?
Activated the orbitofrontal cortex (yellow)
The left side of the face is controlled by?
The right hemisphere and is more expressive than the right side of the face
What do hemispheres differ in?
Differ in recognition of emotions in vocal messages
Right-emotional tone
Left-meaning
What is the final destination for the brains information about emotion before action takes place?
Prefrontal cortex
Abnormalities in PFC are associated w/ what 3 things?
Aggression, depression, and schizophrenia
What is the role of left and right side in frontal lobe for emotion?
Left: behavioral approach, emotions regulated by area are anger and joy MORE ACTIVE POSITIVE EMOTIONS
Right: behavioral withdrawal, emotions regulated are fear and sadness MORE ACTIVE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
Aggressive teens what two brain parts become active?
Amygdala and striatum
Stress response activates he sympathetic nervous system under ________.
Hypothalamic control
Cortisol is our stress hormone, what does it increase and what does ir break down?
What are the two parts?
It increases blood glucose and breaks down protein
Adrenal cortex: secretes cortisol
Adrenal medulla: releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
During Acute Stress the hypothalamus/pituitary stimulate adrenals to release:
Epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase output from the heart and liberate glucose.
Cortisol which provides sustained release of energy to cope.
Hormones released during chronic stress suppress…
Immune system while acute boosts immune system.
What volume is reduced in combate veterans w/ PTSD?
Frontal cortex and hippocampal volume
NE levels are higher in?
Introverts
What system helps resilience during and/or after stress?
eCB, habituation to stress is due to increased eCB system activity
Which areas are related to aggression?
Amygdala, hypothalamus or septal area
Where does reactive aggression have lower activity?
Prefrontal cortex
What do people with proactive aggression have impaired?
Amygdala function
