Lec 11

Question 1

What are the brain areas involved in emotion?

Answer 1

Brainstem
Orbitofrontal cortex
Limbic system

Question 2

The brainstem…

Answer 2

The brainstem (power) 
Locus coeruleus: 
-Norepinephrine--deals with: emotional arousal, depression/pleasure and stress 
-VTA, substantia nigra 
-Dopamine--exhilaration

Question 3

The orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 3

(controller)

Inhibits raw emotions from amygdala

Question 4

The limbic system

Answer 4

(Integrator)

• Hypothalamus–ANS reaction
• Amygdala–aggression and fear, and emotional memory
• Hippocampus-memory
• Cingulate gyrus–pain processing and empathy

Question 5

What is the medial forebrain bundle?

Answer 5

Tract rises from midbrain through the hypothalamus, contains many sites for self-stimulation.

Question 6

What is Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?

Answer 6

May present with compulsive eating, hypersexuality, insertion of inappropriate objects in mouth (hyperorality), visual agnosia, and docility.

Question 7

What is the neural circuitry for disgust?

Answer 7

Activates the insula. Guilt does too. When we hear “thats disgusting” story (moral disgust) our insula light up.

Question 8

What is the neural circuity for laughter?

Answer 8

Activated the orbitofrontal cortex (yellow)

Question 9

The left side of the face is controlled by?

Answer 9

The right hemisphere and is more expressive than the right side of the face

Question 10

What do hemispheres differ in?

Answer 10

Differ in recognition of emotions in vocal messages
Right-emotional tone
Left-meaning

Question 11

What is the final destination for the brains information about emotion before action takes place?

Answer 11

Prefrontal cortex

Question 12

Abnormalities in PFC are associated w/ what 3 things?

Answer 12

Aggression, depression, and schizophrenia

Question 13

What is the role of left and right side in frontal lobe for emotion?

Answer 13

Left: behavioral approach, emotions regulated by area are anger and joy MORE ACTIVE POSITIVE EMOTIONS
Right: behavioral withdrawal, emotions regulated are fear and sadness MORE ACTIVE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS

Question 14

Aggressive teens what two brain parts become active?

Answer 14

Amygdala and striatum

Question 15

Stress response activates he sympathetic nervous system under ________.

Answer 15

Hypothalamic control

Question 16

Cortisol is our stress hormone, what does it increase and what does ir break down?
What are the two parts?

Answer 16

It increases blood glucose and breaks down protein
Adrenal cortex: secretes cortisol
Adrenal medulla: releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 17

During Acute Stress the hypothalamus/pituitary stimulate adrenals to release:

Answer 17

Epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase output from the heart and liberate glucose.
Cortisol which provides sustained release of energy to cope.

Question 18

Hormones released during chronic stress suppress…

Answer 18

Immune system while acute boosts immune system.

Question 19

What volume is reduced in combate veterans w/ PTSD?

Answer 19

Frontal cortex and hippocampal volume

Question 20

NE levels are higher in?

Answer 20

Introverts

Question 21

What system helps resilience during and/or after stress?

Answer 21

eCB, habituation to stress is due to increased eCB system activity

Question 22

Which areas are related to aggression?

Answer 22

Amygdala, hypothalamus or septal area

Question 23

Where does reactive aggression have lower activity?

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex

Question 24

What do people with proactive aggression have impaired?

Answer 24

Amygdala function