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LS 3 (Part 2) Key Terms > [Lec 10+11] Key Terms: Translation > Flashcards

[Lec 10+11] Key Terms: Translation Flashcards

1
Q

virus

A

an infectious agent that replicates only in living cells of other organisms; only contains genetic information, infectious proteins (coat/envelopes), viral specific proteins

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2
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

encoded in retroviral genome-synthesizes DNA from RNA

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3
Q

hydrophobic stacking

A

keeps bases in place and prevents unconventional hydrogen bond formation with mRNA; more flexibility to move-last in stack

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4
Q

open reading frame

A

protein coding region that is framed by a start and stop codon within the reading frame

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5
Q

reading frame

A

the grid in which we read the triplet codons

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6
Q

initiator RNA

A

small subunit decoding center-reads mRNA

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7
Q

Svedberg units

A

measure of how fast a particle sediments

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8
Q

E site

A

exit site; tRNA exits the ribosome

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9
Q

P site

A

peptide site; tRNA holds the growing polypeptide

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10
Q

A site

A

aminoacyl site; aminoacyl tRNA binds

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11
Q

Shine-Delgarno sequence

A

16S rRNA of 30S subunit is complementary; where translation starts for prokaryotes; AUG is positioned in P site, if 30S to Shine-Delgarno sequence (AGGAGGU)

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12
Q

Kozak sequence

A

when the 40S subunit recognizes the 5’ cap of the mRNA, it then scans for the AUG within this sequence; where translation begins for eukaryotes

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13
Q

consensus sequence

A

resides the most abundant in each position of the sequence

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14
Q

promoter consensus sequence

A

important for prokaryotic transcription (alpha factor binding site)

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15
Q

IF3

A

prokaryotes; prevents 30S and 50S from associating; only 30S subunit can bind to RNA; blocks the E site

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16
Q

IF1

A

prokaryotes; blocks A site

17
Q

IF2

A

prokaryotes; a GTPase and binds to the initiator tRNA; positions initiator tRNA onto P site; 1 GTP is hydrolyzed

18
Q

eIF3

A

eukaryotes; goes to P site; prevents dissocation of 40S and 60S; blocks E site

19
Q

eIF1

A

goes and blocks A site

20
Q

eIF4

A

binds to 5’ cap of mRNA

21
Q

eIF4 and Poly A binding proteins

A

hold eukaryotic mRNA into a circular shape to go round and round to allow ribosome to be more efficient

22
Q

Class 1 Release Factors

A

RF1 and RF2; recognize stop codons; shaped like tRNA

23
Q

Class 2 Release Factors

A

RF3; hydrolyzes GTP: conformational change-release Class 1 RFs, allows dissociation

24
Q

signal sequence

A

bound by SRP (signal recognition particle) which binds to the SRP receptor on the ER

25
Q

importin

A

binds at their nuclear localization sequence and transports into the nucleus

LS 3 (Part 2) Key Terms (5 decks)

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