lec 1- Historiography

Question 1

whig history

Answer 1

the belief that history is a tale of progress

Question 2

Presentism

Answer 2

history is only interesting to the extent that it talks about how we got to now

Question 3

protocol sentences

Answer 3

logical positivism

- observational terms only

Question 4

Axioms

Answer 4

logical positivism

-only theoretical and mathematical terms

Question 5

Operational definitions

Answer 5

logical positivism

- the bridge b/n protocol sentences and axioms

Question 6

Why new paradigms are accepted and thoughts converted?

Answer 6

• anomalies explained
• better quantitative predictions available
• startling new predictions confirmed
• ** paradigm poorly articulated if none of the above are met –> elegance or potential productivity

Question 7

Realist conception of science

Answer 7

causes are thought to be real things

ie. Hempel + Oppenheims’s ‘deductive-nomological’ or ‘cover law model’

Question 8

Laws of nature

Answer 8

human inventions to describe regularities in nature

Question 9

what are examples of normative approaches

Answer 9

• Popper’s falsificationism require that the observations that disprove an idea is Identifies prior.
• –> protective belt/ Quirre-Duhen thesis protects against one study from disproving whole idea
• Lakatos + Laudan: problem-solving success –> are the theories high quality and productive

Question 10

what is an example of naturalistic approaches

Answer 10

• observe and experiment based on how it appeards naturally
  ie
  . Kuhn

Question 11

paradigms

Answer 11

works of science or set of theories or ideas

Question 12

preparadigmatic

Answer 12

the combination of science and schools that unified ideas and schools of thought
–> allows for science to become cumulative based on agreed apon methods and terminology