Chapter 2 (Philophical context) Flashcards
Rationalism
truth can be determined through careful reasoning
Empiricism:
knowledge of the world is construed from our experiences in it
Materialism:
the only reality is the physical reality and everything can be measured
Vitalism:
a life force exists beyond the physical and chemical
Associationism:
the mind as a complex set of ideas that are related to each other by the associations among them; occur through our experiences (empiricism)
Monism –
mind and body are one
Dualism -
mind and body are separate
What are the 4 rules to arrive at truth (p.28) based on cartersian systems
Accept nothing as true unless clearly no reason to doubt
Break down problems into subproblems (analysis)
Work from simplest to most complex problems
Check your work for errors
Convergence:
interval between pupil lessens or widens (through muscle movements) to determine distance
Accommodation:
the shape of the lens changes to keep objects focused on the retina
what is Hume’s Resemblance?
an object resembles another
What is Hume’s Contiguity?
experience things together
What is Hume’s Cause and Effect
-one event follows another predictably
What makes up Hartley’s first law of associationism ?
Contiguity ===
Strength of association depends on repetition
Spatial (synchronous) contiguity
Temporal (successive) contiguity
What is Mill’s Concomitant Variation
the idea that changes in X associated with predictable changes in Y
