Lec 1 Cranium Flashcards
What are the two parts of the cranium?
Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
What part of the skull houses the brain?
Neurocrainum
What part of the skull houses most of the sensory organs?
viscerocranium
What are the parts of the zygoma?
zygomatic bone
maxillar
temporal bone
What is the pterion?
all the sutures of the skull come together
What are the clinical implications of the pterion?
a weak spot in the skull since all bones coming into that area are flat
- prone to fracture
- could cut the artery that runs underneath it
What is the highest part of the skull?
vertex
What is the lowest part of the neurocranium/skull?
nasion
What is the point on the cranium where frontonasal and internasal suture meet?
nasion (nose)
What is the most prominent point of external occipital protuberance?
inion (back of head)
What is the smooth prominence on the front bones superior to root of nose and is the most anterior projecting part of forehead?
glabella
What is the star shaped junction of three sutures (parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, and lamboid)?
asterion
What is the point on calvaria at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?
bregma
What is the point on calvaria at the junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures?
lambda
What is the junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parieetal bones?
pterion
What is the superior point of neurocranium in the middle of the anatomical plane?
vertex
What cranial nerve passes thrugh the stylomastoid foramen?
CN 7 (facial nerve)
What goes through the mastoid foramen?
mastoid emmisary vein
- clinical relevant since infection can spread this way
What are the three trigeminal branches (V1-V3)?
ophthalmic (V1)
maxillary (V2)
mandibular (V3)
Where do the three branches of the trigeminal nerve go through?
ophthalmic (V1) - superior orbital fissure
maxillary (V2) - foramen rotundum
mandibular (V3)- foramen ovale
What goes through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina?
ethmoidal nerves and arteries
What are the foramina of the anterior cranium?
- foramen cecum
- cribiform foramina in cribiform plate
- anterior/posterior ethmoidal foramina
What are the foramina of the middle cranium?
- optic canals
- superior orbital fissure
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum
- foramen lacerum
- groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve
What are the foramina of the posterior cranium?
- foramen magnum
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canal
- condylar canal
- mastoid foramen
What goes through the foramen cecum?
nasal emissary vein
What goes through the cribiform foramina in cribiform plate?
axons of olfactory cells
What goes through the anterior/posterior ethmoidal foramina?
vessels and nerves with the same name (ethmoid)
What goes through the optic canals?
optic nerves (CN 2)
optic arteries
What goes through the superior orbital fissure?
ophthalmic veins
ophthalmic nerve (part of trigeminal)
Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
Trochlear nerve (CN 4)
Abducens nerve (CN 6)
sympathetic fibers
CN V1
What goes through the foramen rotundum?
maxillary nerve (part of trigeminal)
What goes through the foramen ovale?
mandibular nerve (part of trigeminal)
accessory meningeal artery
What goes through the foramen spinosum?
middle menigeal artery and vein
meningeal branch of CN 5
What goes through the foramen lacerum?
deep petrosal nerve
some menigeal arteries and veins
What goes through the groove of greater petrosal nerve?
greater petrosal nerve
petrosal branch of middle menigeal artery
What goes through the foramen magnum?
medulla
meninges
vertebral arteries
Accessory nerve (CN 11)
dural veins
anterior/posterior spinal arteries
What goes through the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)
Vagus nerve (CN 10)
Accessory nerve (CN 11)
- superior buld of internal jugular vein
- inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses
- menigeal branches of ascending pharygeal and occiptal arteries
What goes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)
What goes through the condylar canal?
Emissary vein
What goes through the mastoid foramen?
mastoid emissary vein
menigeal branch of occipital artery
What is the red?
optic nerve (2)
What is the orange?
Oculomotor (3)
What is the yellow?
Trigeminal (5)
What is the green?
Facial (7)
Vestibulocochlar (8)
What is the blue?
spinal accessory (11)
What is the purple
abducent (6)
