Lec 04: Autoimmune Diseases: Organ-specific and Midspectrum Flashcards
Cardiovascular disorder under organ-specific and midspectrum
Carditis
Vasculitis syndrome
This infection causes sore throat, and if left untreated, it can progress to the heart (throat to heart).
S pyogenes infection
When the anti myocardial antibodies bind to the heart, this causes which kind of disease?
Acute Rheumatic Fever
T or F: Antimyocardial antibodies are diagnostic to Acute Rheumatic Fever
True
Which is secondary between Acute Rheumatic Fever or Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Rheumatic heart disease
Refers to the antibodies from the S. pyrogens infection that may cross-react to the myocardial tissue
Anti-myocardial antibodies
Diseases under Vasculitis Syndrome
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Kawasaki Disease
Eosinophilic Myalgia Syndrome
Vasculitis Syndrome
- Associated to Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA).
- Consists of the inflammation of blood
vessels, especially in children. - Associated with L-tryptophan ingestion
- Associated with antibodies against platelets
A. Wegener’s Granulomatosis
B, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpira
C. Kawasaki Disease
D. Eosinophilic-Myalgai Syndrome
- A
- C
- D
- B
The diseases under the endocrine gland disorders
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Grave’s Disease
Sheehan’s Syndrome
Endocrine Gland Disorders
- Associated with HLA DR5 but also seen in HLA DR4; consists of the formation of antibodies against the thyroid glands
- An autoimmune disease that results to hyperthyroidism due to the presence of antibodies that are able to stimulate the thyroid gland
- Characterized by lymphocytic adenohypophysis, or the inflammation of the anterior pituitary gland due to the presence of antibodies aganinst pituitary cells.
A. Sheehan’s Syndrome
B. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
C. Grave’s Disease
- B
- C
- A
Refers to the disease that has formed antibodies against the ff
○ Anti-thyroglobulin
○ Anti-thyroid microsome (microsomal antibodies)
○ Second colloid antigen
○ Thyroid membrane receptors
○ Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
What is the initial and end effect of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?
Initial effect - hyperthyroidism
End effect - hypothyroidism
What develops in Hashimoto’s Thyroidism that inhibits the synthesis of T3 and T4 in the end effect?
Fibrosis
Antibodies present in Grave’s Disease?
Anti-thyroid Peroxidase
TSH receptor antibody
Refers to:
▪ Categorized as a long-acting thyroid stimulator
(LATS)
▪ It can bind to the TSH receptor that can stimulate the thyroid gland and lead to the formation of T3 and T4. Long-acting thyroid stimulators (LATS
TSH receptor antibody (TRAb)
What antibody is specific for Grave’s disease?
TRAb
Sheehan’s syndrome is commonly seen in what population?
Postpartum women
Enumerate the diseases seen in pancreatic disorders
Insulin Dependent DM
Refers to
● Also known as Type I DM
● Destruction of beta cells of the islets of Langerhans by cytotoxic T cells which inhibits the production of insulin.
Insulin-Dependent DM
In Type I DM, what are the autoantibodies that act against the beta cells?
Ab against:
○ Islet Cells
○ Insulin
○ Enzymes such as glutamic acid decarboxylase and
tyrosine phosphatase
Disease associated with defects in HLA DR/DQ ((HLA DR3, DR4, DQ2, D!8)
Insulin-Dependent DM
DIseases associated with gastrointestinal disorders
- Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Idiopathic Biliary Cirrhosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Celiac DIsease
Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Also known as chronic active hepatitis or lupoid hepatitis.
- Also known as the primary biliary cirrhosis or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).
- An autoimmune disease that results to an immunologic reaction to gluten
- May be in the form of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
A. Autoimmune Hepatitis
B. Idiopathic Biliary Cirrhosis
C. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
D. Celiac Disease
- A
- B
- D
- C
Gastrointestinal Disorders (No choices, my love)
- Due to the formation of antimicrobial antibodies (AMA)
- Occurs due to the formation of anti-tissue
transglutaminase (anti-TG) against gluten. - Due to the formation of Anti-sacchromyces cervisae antibody and Anti-outer membrane porin for Escherichia coli (Anti-OmpC)
- Occurs due to the formation of autoantibodies to cytoskeletal proteins and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)
- Idiopathic Biliary Cirrhosis
- Celiac Disease
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Autoimmune Hepatitis
Anti-TG is considered which type of antibody?
IgA
- Affects the absorption of diseases
- Its antibodies are secondary to infection which may also attack the host’s antigen
- Associated with Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NON)-like domain
A. Autoimmune Hepatitis
B. Idiopathic Biliary Cirrhosis
C. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
D. Celiac Disease
- D
- C.
- C
Diseases under the Autoimmune Hematologic Disorders
Pernicious Anemia
Immune Hemolysis
- A type of megaloblastic anemia
- Presence of anti-IF and anti-parietal cells
- Can cause warm, cold, and drug induced-hemolytic anemia
- Pernicious Anemia
- Pernicious Anemia
- Immune Hemolysis
Enumerate the neuromuscular disorders
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Mysathenia Gravis
- Multiple Sclerosis
Match
- There is an excess of T cell mediated immune response, leading to damage of the peripheral nervous system, particularly the myelin
- The T cells are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, leading to inflammation, leading to the demyelination of the CNS
- A disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction of the skeletal muscle
- Guillain Barre Syndrome
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myasthenia Gravis
Match
- Anti-acetylcholine receptors are present
- May be triggered by infection, such as Campylobacter jejuni infection, and viral infections such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- Once B cells are activated, there will be Antimyelin Antibodies
A. Gullain Barre Syndrome
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Multiple Sclerosis
- B
- A
- C
Lab diagnosis for multiple sclerosis
Electrophoresis
Refers to
● Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody is present
● Kidneys and lungs are affected
● Physical findings:
○ Macroscopic Hematuria
○ Proteinuria
○ RBC casts
Good Pasteur Syndrome
Enumerate the diseases under renal disorder
Good Pasteur Syndrome onleh
Organs affected in Good Pasteur Syndrome
Kidneys and Lungs
