learning to write Flashcards
what is phoneme grapheme correspondence?
the connection between the sounds they hear and the written symbols that correspond to them, enabling them to move on from speech to written expression
what is a grapheme?
the letter or blend of letters that represents a sound (e.g. s or ch)
what is a phoneme?
the sound of a letter or blend of letters within a word
why is there evidence to suggest that children who are exposed to a rich reading environment become more successful in their writing?
children have increased exposure to the letters and early words they are going to try and write, become accustomed to the letters, particularly of more familiar words such as their name, if they derive enjoyment from language and reading they are more likely to appreciate the written word and will wish to develop a mastery of it
why is early reading necessary?
shared process with adults, associated with relaxed home time, enjoyable and builds relationship with caregivers, enjoy images and interactive features of the book, introduces key learning concepts such as colours or numbers
what is Jeanne Chall’s 1983 theory?
suggested a number of stages through which children progress as they learn to read, as they get older the motivation for reading develops, as they enter the initial reading and decoding stage they will be taught methods in school by which they can make sense of written texts, these are the look and say approach and the phonic approach
what is the look and say approach to reading?
encourages readers to identify familiar words as a whole in order to read them
what is the phonic approach to reading?
encourages readers to break down words into individual graphemes and sound them out in order to then read the whole word accurately, can be divided into two main types; synthetic phonics and analytic phonics
what is the pre reading or pseudo reading stage (Jeanne Chall)?
up to 6 years old, children will still be read to by caregivers but might initiate the reading process by turning pages and pretending to read or creating stories based on the images in the books, they may identify some letters of the alphabet
what is the initial reading and decoding stage (Jeanne Chall)?
6-7 years old, children will begin to decode words in order to read and understand basic texts, they may identify familiar whole words or recognise letters and blend sounds together to sound out words, this can make the reading process slower and hamper an understanding of the text as a whole
what is the confirmation and fluency stage (Jeanne Chall)?
7-8 years old, reading will have become a faster process, children will be able to decode words more readily and read with some fluency, there will be a greater sense of the text as a whole emerging now
what is the reading for learning stage (Jeanne Chall)?
9-13 years old,rather than learning to read, students now read in order to learn, they might be accessing a wider range of texts by this point and reading to obtain facts and scanning for the most relevant details
what is the multiple viewpoints stage (Jeanne Chall)?
14-18 years old, students will begin to recognise how meaning can be conveyed in different ways, or with a different focus, as a result they will become more critical readers, recognising bias and inference
what is the construction and reconstruction stage (Jeanne Chall)?
18+ years old, by this point individuals can read a range of sources and synthesise these in order to develop their own interpretations, they can skim and scan efficiently and recognise what is and is not important to read
what is synthetic phonics?
teaches children the individual phonemes independently from reading, once these are embedded, they can blend them together to pronounce a word, the child is synthesising the individual phonemes to place them together into a whole word, for example if a child has learnt the individual sounds /k/, /a/ and /t/, they can sound out the whole word through identifying each of the familiar phonemes as they are read
