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My EPPP Flashcards > Learning Theory > Flashcards

Learning Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Delay Conditioning

A

Most Effective Type of Conditioning

- Present CS so it precedes & overlaps US

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2
Q

Backward Conditioning

A

Rarely Effective

  • Present US before NS
  • present food (US) before the bell (NS - no association is made)
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3
Q

Extinction (of CR)

A

Repeated presentation of CS without US

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4
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

A Weak CR is elicited by CS following extinction trials

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5
Q

John B. Watson

A

White Rat - CS
Loud Noise - US
CC = Phobia
Little Albert - Stimulus Generalization

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6
Q

Joseph Wolpe

Counter Conditioning Intervention

A

Reciprocal Inhibition - Pairs Anxiety with relaxation or other incompatible response to eliminate anxiety (exposure to CS without original US)

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7
Q

Systematic Desensitization - 4 Stages

Counter Conditioning Intervention

A
  • Relaxation Training
  • Construction of anxiety hierarchy
  • Desensitization in imagination
  • In vivo desensitization
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8
Q 
Sensate Focus (Behavioral Sex Thx)
(Counter Conditioning Intervention)
A

Pairing anxiety-evoking sexual situations with pleasurable physical sensations and relaxation

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9
Q

Two-Factor theory of Phobias

A

Combination of CC and -ve reinforcement (OC - operant conditioning)

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10
Q

Classical Extinction Interventions

A
  • Flooding & Graduated exposure
  • In Vivo exposure with response prevention
  • Implosive therapy (imagination)
  • EMDR (exposure/extinction)
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11
Q

Operant Extinction

A

Reinforcement is withheld from previously reinforced response

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12
Q

B.F. Skinner

Four Intermittent Schedules

A

Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio

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13
Q

Fixed Interval Schedule

A

Low Rate of responding (scallop)

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14
Q

Variable Ratio

A

Fast steady response and most resistant to extinction (gambling & lottery games)

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15
Q

Escape and Avoidance Behaviors

A
  • Both maintained by -ve reinforcement

- Avoidance - involves classical conditioning

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16
Q

Satiation

A

Can occur in positive reinforcement

17
Q

Fading

A

Gradual Removal of Prompts

18
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior

19
Q

Premarck Principle

A

High Frequency behavior is used as reinforcer for a behavior that does not occur often enough

20
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

Target behavior is ignored and alternative behaviors are reinforced

21
Q

Overcorrection

A
  • Restitution (overcorrect effects of behavior)

- Positive Practice (practice alternative more approp. behaviors)

22
Q

Response Cost

A

Removing a positive reinforcement each time target behavior occurs

23
Q

Bandura’s Observational or Social Learning

PRAM

A
  • Production
  • Retention
  • Attention
  • Motivation
24
Q

Learned Helplessness

ISG

A

Internal, Stable & Global (ISG) Attributions

- More recent - Helplessness

25
Q

Rational-Emotive Therapy (A-B-C)

A

A - External Event
B - Belief about the event (A)
C - Emotional/behavioral result of (B)

26
Q

Beck’s Cognitive Schemas

A

Structures and Rules that determine how people codify, categorize & interpret their experiences

27
Q

Arbitrary Inference

A

Drawing conclusions without corroborative evidence

28
Q

Selective Abstraction

A

Attending to details while ignoring the total context

29
Q

Stress Inoculation

A
  • Cognitive Preparation
  • Skills Acquisition & Rehearsal
  • Application & Follow-though
30
Q

Rehm’s Self-Control Therapy

A

Depression is a deficit in:

  • Self-Monitoring
  • Self-Evaluation
  • Self-Reinforcement
31
Q

Lewinsohn’s Behavioral Model

A

Depression is due to a low-rate of response-contingent reinforcement

32
Q

Information Processing (multi-store) Model
STM & LTM (2 stores)
Middle - 1 store

A

Serial position effect (provides strongest evidence)

33
Q

Serial Position Effect

A

Tendency to remember the first few (primacy) and last few words (recency) and tendency to more likely to forget words in the middle of the list

34
Q
  1. Procedural Memory
  2. Declarative Memory
  3. Prospective Memory
A
  1. Info on how to do things
  2. Acquisition of facts/other information
  3. Remember how to do things in the future
35
Q

Declarative Memory

A

Semantic - Common sense knowledge

Episodic - Info on personal experiences

36
Q

Trace-Decay Theory

A

Memories fade over time due to disuse

37
Q

Interference Theory

A

Forget due to:

  • retroactive: newly learned info inhibits previously learned info
  • proactive interference: previously learned info inhibits learning of subsequent material

My EPPP Flashcards (9 decks)

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