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Learning Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Delay Conditioning

A

Most Effective Type of Conditioning

- Present CS so it precedes & overlaps US

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2
Q

Backward Conditioning

A

Rarely Effective

  • Present US before NS
  • present food (US) before the bell (NS - no association is made)
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3
Q

Extinction (of CR)

A

Repeated presentation of CS without US

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4
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

A Weak CR is elicited by CS following extinction trials

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5
Q

John B. Watson

A

White Rat - CS
Loud Noise - US
CC = Phobia
Little Albert - Stimulus Generalization

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6
Q

Joseph Wolpe

Counter Conditioning Intervention

A

Reciprocal Inhibition - Pairs Anxiety with relaxation or other incompatible response to eliminate anxiety (exposure to CS without original US)

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7
Q

Systematic Desensitization - 4 Stages

Counter Conditioning Intervention

A
  • Relaxation Training
  • Construction of anxiety hierarchy
  • Desensitization in imagination
  • In vivo desensitization
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8
Q 
Sensate Focus (Behavioral Sex Thx)
(Counter Conditioning Intervention)
A

Pairing anxiety-evoking sexual situations with pleasurable physical sensations and relaxation

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9
Q

Two-Factor theory of Phobias

A

Combination of CC and -ve reinforcement (OC - operant conditioning)

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10
Q

Classical Extinction Interventions

A
  • Flooding & Graduated exposure
  • In Vivo exposure with response prevention
  • Implosive therapy (imagination)
  • EMDR (exposure/extinction)
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11
Q

Operant Extinction

A

Reinforcement is withheld from previously reinforced response

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12
Q

B.F. Skinner

Four Intermittent Schedules

A

Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio

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13
Q

Fixed Interval Schedule

A

Low Rate of responding (scallop)

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14
Q

Variable Ratio

A

Fast steady response and most resistant to extinction (gambling & lottery games)

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15
Q

Escape and Avoidance Behaviors

A
  • Both maintained by -ve reinforcement

- Avoidance - involves classical conditioning

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16
Q

Satiation

A

Can occur in positive reinforcement

17
Q

Fading

A

Gradual Removal of Prompts

18
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior

19
Q

Premarck Principle

A

High Frequency behavior is used as reinforcer for a behavior that does not occur often enough

20
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

Target behavior is ignored and alternative behaviors are reinforced

21
Q

Overcorrection

A
  • Restitution (overcorrect effects of behavior)

- Positive Practice (practice alternative more approp. behaviors)

22
Q

Response Cost

A

Removing a positive reinforcement each time target behavior occurs

23
Q

Bandura’s Observational or Social Learning

PRAM

A
  • Production
  • Retention
  • Attention
  • Motivation
24
Q

Learned Helplessness

ISG

A

Internal, Stable & Global (ISG) Attributions

- More recent - Helplessness

25
Rational-Emotive Therapy (A-B-C)
A - External Event B - Belief about the event (A) C - Emotional/behavioral result of (B)
26
Beck's Cognitive Schemas
Structures and Rules that determine how people codify, categorize & interpret their experiences
27
Arbitrary Inference
Drawing conclusions without corroborative evidence
28
Selective Abstraction
Attending to details while ignoring the total context
29
Stress Inoculation
- Cognitive Preparation - Skills Acquisition & Rehearsal - Application & Follow-though
30
Rehm's Self-Control Therapy
Depression is a deficit in: - Self-Monitoring - Self-Evaluation - Self-Reinforcement
31
Lewinsohn's Behavioral Model
Depression is due to a low-rate of response-contingent reinforcement
32
Information Processing (multi-store) Model STM & LTM (2 stores) Middle - 1 store
Serial position effect (provides strongest evidence)
33
Serial Position Effect
Tendency to remember the first few (primacy) and last few words (recency) and tendency to more likely to forget words in the middle of the list
34
1. Procedural Memory 2. Declarative Memory 3. Prospective Memory
1. Info on how to do things 2. Acquisition of facts/other information 3. Remember how to do things in the future
35
Declarative Memory
Semantic - Common sense knowledge | Episodic - Info on personal experiences
36
Trace-Decay Theory
Memories fade over time due to disuse
37
Interference Theory
Forget due to: - retroactive: newly learned info inhibits previously learned info - proactive interference: previously learned info inhibits learning of subsequent material

My EPPP Flashcards (9 decks)

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