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My EPPP Flashcards > Abnormal Psychology Review > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Review Flashcards

1
Q

DSM-5

A
  • Categorical Classification
  • Nonaxial Assessment System
  • Outline for Cultural Formulation
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2
Q

DSM

A

Follows Polythetic Criteria

  • to allow symptom heterogeneity
  • individual only has to meet a subset of criteria for a given D/O
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3
Q

Uncertainty about Dx

A
  • Other Specified D/O: when clinician indicates reason why they don’t meet d/o
  • Unspecified D/O: does not want to specify why sx don’t meet dx for a d/0
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4
Q

Neurodevelopmental D/Os

etiology unknown in 30% of cases

A 
- Intellectual Devel. D/O
. deficits in intel. function
. onset during devel. period
. mild, moderate, severe & profound
. level of adaptive functioning is based on conceptual, social & practical domains
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5
Q

Croen et al (2001) study of intellectual disability

A
  • Low Birth Weight strongest predictor of both levels of disability (mild or severe ID)
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6
Q

Communication Disorders

A
  • Childhood onset (stuttering) 2-7
  • Tx: Habit reversal - awareness trng, regulated breathing, relaxation, motivation, competing responses & social support
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7
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorders

A

Requires:

  • Persistent deficits in social comm. & interaction across multiple contexts
  • Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior
  • Sx during early developmental period
  • Impaired social/occupation/other function
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8
Q

Autism - Prognosis

A
  • better if acquire verbal skills by age 5/6
  • IQ of 70+
  • later onset of symptoms
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9
Q

Lovaas

A
  • Shaping & discrimination training for Autistic individuals (improve communication skills)
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10
Q

ADHD

A
  • Onset prior to age 12

- Evidence in at least 2 settings

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11
Q

Distinguishing ADHD from Bipolar D/O

A

Common in Pediatric Bipolar not ADHD

  • elation
  • grandiosity
  • decreased need for sleep
  • hyper-sexuality
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12
Q

ADHD

A

Low metabolic funct. in prefrontal cortex & Basal Ganglia (involved in mvmt)

  • caudate nucleus (in basal ganglia)
  • globus pallidus (in basal ganglia)
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13
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • 2 active phase sx for at least one mos
  • impaired functioning for at least 6 mos
  • 1 active phase has to be: hallucinations, delusions or disorganized speech
  • onset late teens to early 30’s
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14
Q

Schizophrenia Prognosis

A
  • generally poor
  • worse if male, early onset and negative sx present
  • better if female, acute & late onset
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15
Q

Concordance Rate for Schizophrenia

A
  • Bio Sibs: 10%
  • Fraternal Twins: 17%
  • Identical Twins: 48% (45-50%)
  • One GP w/disorder: 5%
  • Two parents w/disorder: 46%
  • Adopted sib: 1% (like general pop)
  • For parent of child with d/0: 6%
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16
Q

Dopamine Hypothesis

A
  • Oversensitivity to dopamine

- Drugs that reduce effects of dopamine will decrease sx of schizophrenia

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17
Q

Depressive D/Os: Disruptive Mood D/O

A
  • Cannot be assigned for first time before age 6 or after age 18
  • Onset must be before age 10
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18
Q

Depressive D/Os: Major Depressive D/O

A
  • presence of at least 5 sx
  • at least one sx loss of interest/pleasure or depressed mood
  • Peripartum onset: during pregnancy or w/in 4 wks post partum
  • Seasonal pattern: onset of sx & particular time of year
  • Atypical: laden paralysis, hypersomnia
    Mood-Congruent psychotic: delusions and hallucinations
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19
Q

Major Depressive D/O & Pseudo-dementia (prominent cognitive sx)

A
  • Pseudo-dementia patients may exaggerate their cognitive sx
  • Mild or Major neurocognitive D/O may deny or minimize sx
  • Pseudo-dementia pt: gtr impairment with procedural than declarative memory
20
Q

Catecholamine Hypothesis

A
  • Depression is caused by deficiency of norephineprine
21
Q 
TCA's (tricyclics)
. Amitriptiline (elavil)
. Imipramime (tofranil)
. Notriptyline (Pamelor)
. Doxepin (sinequar)
A
  • most effective for ‘classic’ depression
  • included vegetative sx
  • more severe sx in the morning
22
Q

SSRIs

A 
- fewer side effects than TCAs
. Citalopram (Celexa)
. Escitalopram (Lexapro)
. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
. Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
. Sertraline (Zoloft)
23
Q

Suicide

A
  • Mostly linked to MDD and Bipolar D/O
  • Age group 24-64
  • Worse for Whites except Native Am. (15-34)
  • Low Serotonin
24
Q

Obsessive Compulsive & Related Disorders

Tx: Combo of SSRI/ TCA: clomimaprine & Exposure w/response prevention

A
  • rates equal for males and females
  • earlier onset for males (higher in childhood)
  • overactive caudate nucleus
25
Q

PTSD

A
  • exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence
  • sx duration more than 1 mos and cause sig. distress/impaired functioning
26
Q

Delayed expression specifier for PTSD

A
  • symptoms not met until at least 6 mos after traumatic event
27
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A
  • memory loss mostly anterograde

- loss of memory for personal or biographical information

28
Q

Serotonin

A
  • Too much in Anorexia

- Too little in Bulimia Nervosa

29
Q

Hypnagogic Hallucinations

A
  • vivid dreams occur during transition from wakefulness to sleep
30
Q

Hypnogogic Hallucinations

A
  • vivid dreams occurs during transition from sleep to wakefulness
31
Q

Non-REM Sleep D/O

stg 3 or 4

A
  • sleep walk (recurrent incomp. awakening)
  • sleep terror
  • don’t recall or may only see fragments of dream
  • autonomic arousal
32
Q

REM Sleep D/O or Nightmare D/O

A
  • recall dreams
  • threat to life or security
  • occurs later in sleep
  • autonomic arousal
33
Q

REM Sleep Behavior D/O

A
  • repeated episodes of arousal in REM sleep
  • complex motor beh. or vocalizations
  • feel like you are falling or screaming
34
Q

Premature Ejaculation

A
  • Inhibit reuptake of serotonin

- stimulate GABA receptors (lessens anxiety)

35
Q

Masters and Johnson’s Sex Therapy
7 Elements
Mutual Responsibility & H/Wk most imp.

A
  • Premature Ejaculation

- Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration D/O

36
Q

Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

A
  • does not require the general 6 mos duration of sx
  • sx develop during or after intoxication or withdrawal
  • antipsychotics: 50%
  • antidepressant: 20%-80%
37
Q

Oppositional Defiant D/O

A
  • angry/irritable mood (pattern)
  • argumentative/defiant
  • vindictiveness
38
Q

Conduct D/O

A
  • violates rights of others (pattern)
  • 3 characteristic sx (aggression to pple & animals; destruction of property; deceitfulness/theft; serious violation of rules
39
Q

Substance Use D/O

A
  • at least 2 sx (impaired ctrl; social impairment; risky use & pharmacological e.g. tolerance & w/drawal
  • mild (2-3sx), moderate (3-5sx) Severe (6+)
40
Q

John Conger (1956)

A
  • Tension-Reduction Model of alcohol addiction

- drinking reinforced by its tension reduction properties = addiction because it removes anxiety & stress

41
Q

Major Neurocognitive D/O

A
  • substantial decline in 1 + cog. functions
  • used to be dementia
  • interferes with ADLs
42
Q

Mild Neurocognitive D/O

A
  • modest decline in cog. functions
  • used to be cog d/o nos
  • do not interfere with ADLs
43
Q

Neurocognitive D/O due to Alzheimer’s

A
  • amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles
  • medial temporal brain (diacephalon)
  • abnormal acetylcholine levels (involved in memory formation)
44
Q

Neurocognitive D/O due to Alzheimer’s

A
  • initial stages: anterograde esp for declarative (explicit: facts & episodic: events) memories
  • visuospatial deficits
  • anomia (cant recall names of everyday objects)
45
Q

Alzheimer’s 3 Progression Stages

A

1st (2-3 years)
- indifference; irritability; anomia; anterogd
2nd (3-10 years)
- anterogd & retrogd;flat/labile mood (mood swings);restless; fluent aphasia
3rd (8-12 years)
- urinary & fecal incontinence; severely deteriorated intellectual functioning; apathy

46
Q

Medial Temporal Structures (Alz)

A
  • entorhinal cortex
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
47
Q

AIDS Dementia Complex (6 stages)

A

0.5 - minimal signs of impairment
1 - unequivocal evidence of functions, intellectual & motor impairments but can still perform ADLs
2 - cannot work or perform demanding tasks may need assistance with ADLs
3 - significant intellectual impairment/cant walk unassisted
4 - severely deteriorated, double incontinence, nearly vegetative, paralysis

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