Learning theories- operant and classical

Question 1

what is an attachment?

Answer 1

an emotional bond between 2 people (its reciprocal)

Question 2

what is the basic idea behind operant conditioning?

Answer 2

We can learn everything through reward of punishment

Question 3

what is a positive reinforcer?

Answer 3

a reward which makes a good situation even better

Question 4

what is a negative reinforcer?

Answer 4

a reward which takes away an unpleasant situation

Question 5

Operant conditioning- mouser performs and receives . The reward the action, so the mouse it.

Answer 5

action
reward
reinforces
repeats

Question 6

Explain operant conditioning using the mouse and skinner box

Answer 6

each time the mouse crosses this imaginary line, food is released. The mouse stays in this half of the box. The line moves even closer so food is released when the mouse is within this distance to the food dispenser. Now the food is only released when the mouses body part is touching the lever. the food is only released now when the mouses foot is touching it so the mouse will continue to touch it with its foot when its hungry

Question 7

Explain operant conditioning with a baby

Answer 7

Baby performs action:cries
baby receives reward: food relieves hunger
The reward reinforces the action, so the baby repeats it

Question 8

With the baby example for operant conditioning:
Food is the reinforcer
Mother is the reinforcer

Answer 8

primary

secondary

Question 9

what is a stimulus?

Answer 9

an event that causes a response

Question 10

what is a repsonse

Answer 10

an action made because a stimulus is detected

Question 11

what is innate

Answer 11

born with it

Question 12

what is conditioned

Answer 12

learned

Question 13

there are 3 processes to classical conditioning with a dog and food- what are they

Answer 13

1: Food= unconditioned stimulus —-> dog drools=unconditioned response
2: Bell=neutral stimulus+food=unconditioned stimulus—–> Dog drools=unconditioned response
3: Bell=conditioned stimulus——> dog drools=conditioned response to the bell

Question 14

describe the 3 processes to classical conditioning for a baby and food

Answer 14

1: Food=unconditioned stimulus——> baby feels pleasure=unconditioned response
2: mother=neutral stimulus+ food=unconditioned stimulus——-> baby feels pleasure=unconditioned response
3: mother=conditioned stimulus—–> baby feels pleasure

Question 15

in operant conditioning, the association is made between what?

Answer 15

between an action and a reward

Question 16

in classical conditioning, the association is made between what?

Answer 16

between a neutral stimulus and an innate, unconditioned response

Question 17

What does learning theory as a whole state?

Answer 17

that a person either learns to from an attachment by reward or punishment or can learn by having as association between a neutral stimuli and an innate, unconditioned response.

Question 18

EVALUATION

What did Harlow and Harlow do and how does it dispute learning theory?

Answer 18

They studied whether monkeys went to a cylinder which had food or one that provided comfort. They found out monkeys went to one that provided comfort. It showed that feeding was not the main source of reinforcement and so not the main source of attachment.

Question 19

EVALUATION

however, why did Harlow and Harlow lack validity?

Answer 19

because it was done on monkeys and they have a different psychological make up

Question 20

EVALUATION

research by Schaffer and Emerson also disputes learning theory, why?

Answer 20

Toddlers were attached to who put them to bed rather than those who had fed them.

Question 21

EVALUATION

explain how the explanation of learning theory is reductionist?

Answer 21

it ignores the fact we are individuals and have different genetic make-up, it ignores biology and evolution