day care

Question 1

what is day care?

Answer 1

any form of temporary, paid care, not given by family members or someone well known to the child and usually outside the home.

Question 2

what is an institution?

Answer 2

a form of formal programme of childrearing.

Question 3

what is the difference between nurseries and child minders?

Answer 3

child minders are normally at the persons house and the group is a lot smaller, a nursery is at a communal` place and includes a lot more children.

Question 4

what is social development?

Answer 4

involves the growth of a child’s abilities to interact with others and behave in a pro social manner.

Question 5

what is aggression?

Answer 5

a feeling of anger that displays violent reactions because of a stimulus

Question 6

what are peer relations?

Answer 6

the child’s ability to form close or satisfying relationships with other children. Such relationships enable children to develop important social skills.

Question 7

what makes good quality day care? 5

Answer 7

good physical provision
good training of staff
low staff turnover
high dedication of staff
correct ratio of child to adult

Question 8

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

what is the EPPE study?

Answer 8

a longitudinal study of young children’s development between the ages of 3 and 7.

Question 9

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

what was the EPPE’s aim?

Answer 9

the impact of pre-school on young children’s intellectual and social/behavioural development

Question 10

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

what did the EPPE do?

Answer 10

studied 300 children across 6 types of preschool centers, researched assessed children at ages 3/4. Children were assessed again at entry to primary school and analyses were carried out to compare children’s progress.

Question 11

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

EPPE: what did they find?

Answer 11

when children’s development during pre-school was compared to that of “home” children, pre-school attendance improved cognitive development.
the type of pre school a child attends has an important effect on their developmental progress.
disadvantaged children did better in setting where they had a wide diversity of people with them

Question 12

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

what is the conclusion of the EPPE?

Answer 12

pre-school can have an important positive impact on children’s intellectual and social development.
the quality of pre-school experience was seen as particularly influential.

Question 13

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

what is an advantage to the EPPE being done?

Answer 13

the conclusions have been acted upon at both national and local level

Question 14

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

NICHD- what study did they do?

Answer 14

a longitudinal study to study many aspects of child development.

Question 15

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

NICHD-what did the study involve?

Answer 15

1000 children from diverse families from 10 different locations. The children and their parents have been assess at regular intervals in order to establish the effects of experiences on their behaviour/development.

Question 16

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

NICHD-what did the researchers find at age 5?

Answer 16

the more time a child spent in day care, the more adults rated them as assertive, disobedient and aggressive.

Question 17

RESEARCH INTO AGGRESSION

NICHD- what did the researchers find at the end of the children’s primary education?

Answer 17

there was still a link between day-care experience and aggressiveness.

Question 18

RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS

In the EPPE, what was found about peer relations?

Answer 18

attending a pre-school institution was associated with greater interdependence, cooperation and sociability.

Question 19

RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS
Harvey- he evaluated the development and health of over 600 youngsters, he found 2 things from this experiment, one when the children were 3/4 and one when they were 12, explain what he found

Answer 19

• children of women who work outside the home suffered no permanent harm because of their mothers absence,
• (12 yrs) problems detected at age 3/4 may have gone away by the time they were 12

Question 20

RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS

Field- what did she examine?

Answer 20

the amount of time children spent in day care and the quality of the day care they received.

Question 21

RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS

Field- what did she find?

Answer 21

the more time children spent i day care, the more friends they had, the more extracurricular activities they engaged in.
those who had experienced high quality day care showed more physical affection during peer interactions.

Question 22

RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS

Clarke-Stewart et al. what did he study?

Answer 22

effects of day care on social development

Question 23

RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS

Clarke-Stewart et al. what did he find?

Answer 23

no evidence of attachment differences between children cared for at home or by childminders, and those in group-bases day care.

Question 24

GENERAL EVALUATION

quality of day care

Answer 24

The quality of day care is going to affect the results. Day care may be harmful due to the physical separation from the primary attachment figure. However, if there is substitute sufficient care available, there may be no ill effects.

Question 25

GENERAL EVALUATION

attrition rate

Answer 25

Those who drop out of the studies seem to be less sociable so those left are biased as they are more likely to be sociable and so can effect the results

Question 26

GENERAL EVALUATION

Number of hours in day care

Answer 26

You cannot make clear conclusions unless children have been in day care for the exact same hours as one another.

Question 27

GENERAL EVALUATION

individual differences

Answer 27

Some children find day care harder to cope with than others. E.g. those with a shy nature may find it more difficult and frightening.
Insecurely did better- need compensatory care and they get it from day care
Insecurely did worse- mothers lacked responsiveness

Question 28

GENERAL EVALUATION

lack of commitment and interest

Answer 28

Day-care staff are unlikely to provide the commitment and interest that parents provide as parents have a much greater investment in the well being and development of their child.

Question 29

what is the high scope Perry pre-school project?

Answer 29

123 African American children living in poverty were randomly assigned at ages 3/4 to either of 2 programmes;
pre-school education and care
no programme group
The programmed group attended daily classes and had weekly home visits. Both groups were followed into adulthood.

Question 30

what did the high scope Perry pre-school project find?

Answer 30

The study found that adults at age 40 who had the preschool program had higher earnings, were more likely to hold a job, had committed fewer crimes, and were more likely to have graduated from high school than adults who did not have preschool.

Question 31

IMPLICATIONS

importance of high quality of day care

Answer 31

this allows the child to have the best care and have high substitute care for attachments

Question 32

IMPLICATIONS

Good staff to child ratios

Answer 32

3 adults to 1 child so the child has constant care and is able to have 1-1 care
it is now a law to create appropriate attachments

Question 33

IMPLICATIONS

minimal staff turnover

Answer 33

consistency of care is one of the most important factors is good outcomes. When staff come and go, the child may either fail to from attachments to the staff or if thy have formed an attachment,they suffer the anxiety associated with disruption of attachment when the staff member leaves.

Question 34

IMPLICATIONS

qualified and experienced staff

Answer 34

may not be able to recognise infants who are struggling otherwise or those who are not securely attached

Question 35

IMPLICATIONS

sure start- what is the aim of sure start?

Answer 35

breaking the cycle of poverty that plagues much of the Western world by providing high quality day care for children and support for their families.

Question 36

IMPLICATIONS

sure start- how is sure start accomplishing their aims?

Answer 36

enhancing existing services for children an families and developing new ones

Question 37

IMPLICATIONS

how has the research impacted on hospitals?

Answer 37

children’s wards now allow parents to stay with their children and also actively involve them in planning and implementing their child’s care.

Question 38

IMPLICATIONS

how has the research impacted on adoption?

Answer 38

babies are now adopted within the first week of birth to prevent the baby from being attached to their birth mother and then suffering from disruption of attachment when they are taken away from her.

Question 39

IMPLICATIONS

how has the EPPE impacted on children’s lives?

Answer 39

for every 3 yr old child, there was a promise of a pre school place.
paid parental care after child birth was extended to 9 months then to 12 months.
15 hours free child care a week