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AP Psychology > Learning Test > Flashcards

Learning Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Unconditioned Stimuli

A

stimuli that automatically triggers a response

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2
Q

Unconditioned Response

A

unlearned natural response to US

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3
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A

a stimulus that does not cause a response

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4
Q

Conditioned Stimuli

A

the previously irrelevant stimulus

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5
Q

Conditioned Response

A

learned response from a previously neutral stimuli

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6
Q

Extinction

A

diminishing a CR; occurs when CS is not followed by US repeatedly

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7
Q

Acquisition

A

the phase associating a neutral stimulus (bell) to the US (food)

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8
Q

Discrimination

A

learned ability to distinguish between CS and stimuli that is not conditioned

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9
Q

Generalization

A

tendency that similar stimuli will elicit similar responses

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10
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A
  • add stimulus to increase behavior
    ex. watching your favorite TV show after doing all your homework
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11
Q

Positive Punishment

A
  • add stimulus to decrease behavior
    ex. getting a ticket for speeding
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12
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

remove stimulus to increase behavior
ex. take away his bathroom cleaning chore for every week he cleans his room

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13
Q

Negative Punishment

A
  • remove stimulus to decrease behavior
    ex. teen is grounded for misbehavior
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14
Q

Fixed-Ratio

A
  • predictable and based on amount
    ex. get free coffee after 10 visits
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15
Q

Variable-Ratio

A
  • random and based on amount
    ex. slot machines
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16
Q

Fixed-Interval

A
  • predictable and based on time
    ex. getting a small increase in your wage every 6 months
17
Q

Variable-Interval

A
  • random and based on time
    ex. playing bingo
18
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Social Learning Theory (the bobo doll experiment)

19
Q

Vicarious Reinforcement

A

reinforcement gained by watching another person

20
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

created classical conditioning (Pavlov’s dogs)

21
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

developed operant conditioning

22
Q

Little Albert

A

classical conditioning experiment —> white rat paired with loud noise = conditioned to fear white rats

23
Q

Modeling

A

the process of learning new behavior through observation rather than through direct experience

24
Q

Observational Learning

A

learning new behavior through watching the actions of a model

25
Q

Shaping

A

behavior is guided closer and closer to desired behavior

26
Q

External Locus of Control

A

it is your environment’s fault, blame others

27
Q

Internal Locus of Control

A

it is your fault, blame yourself

28
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

when the CR comes back randomly after extinction

29
Q

Latent Learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is incentive

30
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

a person performs an action because the act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner

31
Q

Cognitive Map

A

a mental representation of the layout of your environment

32
Q

Mirror Neurons

A

the same part of the brain reacts when you do something and when you see someone do that thing

33
Q

Law of Effect

A

rewarded behavior is likely to occur

34
Q

Intermittent Reinforcement

A

a delivery of a reward at irregular intervals
- yields the greatest effort from the subject

35
Q

Respondent Behavior

A

behavior that is typically automatic and involuntary

36
Q

Immediate Reinforcement

A

a reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior

37
Q

Delayed Reinforcement

A

when there is a period of time between the response and the reinforcer

38
Q

The Skinner Box

A

B.F. Skinner - used to study which type of partial reinforcement works best
ex. rats in a maze

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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