Learning Test

Question 1

Unconditioned Stimuli

Answer 1

stimuli that automatically triggers a response

Question 2

Unconditioned Response

Answer 2

unlearned natural response to US

Question 3

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 3

a stimulus that does not cause a response

Question 4

Conditioned Stimuli

Answer 4

the previously irrelevant stimulus

Question 5

Conditioned Response

Answer 5

learned response from a previously neutral stimuli

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

diminishing a CR; occurs when CS is not followed by US repeatedly

Question 7

Acquisition

Answer 7

the phase associating a neutral stimulus (bell) to the US (food)

Question 8

Discrimination

Answer 8

learned ability to distinguish between CS and stimuli that is not conditioned

Question 9

Generalization

Answer 9

tendency that similar stimuli will elicit similar responses

Question 10

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 10

• add stimulus to increase behavior
  ex. watching your favorite TV show after doing all your homework

Question 11

Positive Punishment

Answer 11

• add stimulus to decrease behavior
  ex. getting a ticket for speeding

Question 12

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 12

remove stimulus to increase behavior
ex. take away his bathroom cleaning chore for every week he cleans his room

Question 13

Negative Punishment

Answer 13

• remove stimulus to decrease behavior
  ex. teen is grounded for misbehavior

Question 14

Fixed-Ratio

Answer 14

• predictable and based on amount
  ex. get free coffee after 10 visits

Question 15

Variable-Ratio

Answer 15

• random and based on amount
  ex. slot machines

Question 16

Fixed-Interval

Answer 16

• predictable and based on time
  ex. getting a small increase in your wage every 6 months

Question 17

Variable-Interval

Answer 17

• random and based on time
  ex. playing bingo

Question 18

Albert Bandura

Answer 18

Social Learning Theory (the bobo doll experiment)

Question 19

Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 19

reinforcement gained by watching another person

Question 20

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 20

created classical conditioning (Pavlov’s dogs)

Question 21

B.F. Skinner

Answer 21

developed operant conditioning

Question 22

Little Albert

Answer 22

classical conditioning experiment —> white rat paired with loud noise = conditioned to fear white rats

Question 23

Modeling

Answer 23

the process of learning new behavior through observation rather than through direct experience

Question 24

Observational Learning

Answer 24

learning new behavior through watching the actions of a model

Question 25

Shaping

Answer 25

behavior is guided closer and closer to desired behavior

Question 26

External Locus of Control

Answer 26

it is your environment’s fault, blame others

Question 27

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 27

it is your fault, blame yourself

Question 28

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 28

when the CR comes back randomly after extinction

Question 29

Latent Learning

Answer 29

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is incentive

Question 30

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 30

a person performs an action because the act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner

Question 31

Cognitive Map

Answer 31

a mental representation of the layout of your environment

Question 32

Mirror Neurons

Answer 32

the same part of the brain reacts when you do something and when you see someone do that thing

Question 33

Law of Effect

Answer 33

rewarded behavior is likely to occur

Question 34

Intermittent Reinforcement

Answer 34

a delivery of a reward at irregular intervals - yields the greatest effort from the subject

Question 35

Respondent Behavior

Answer 35

behavior that is typically automatic and involuntary

Question 36

Immediate Reinforcement

Answer 36

a reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior

Question 37

Delayed Reinforcement

Answer 37

when there is a period of time between the response and the reinforcer

Question 38

The Skinner Box

Answer 38

B.F. Skinner - used to study which type of partial reinforcement works best ex. rats in a maze