FRQ Midterm

Question 1

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to think abstractly and solve problems

Question 2

Retroactive Interference

Answer 2

new information dampers the retrieval of previously learned information

Question 3

Social Clock

Answer 3

culturally accepted timing of life events, like marriage, parenthood, retirement, etc.

Question 4

Depressants

Answer 4

substances that slow down the central nervous system, leading to relaxation or sedation

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

brain region involved in coordinating voluntary movements and balance

Question 6

Effortful Processing

Answer 6

actively working to encode, store, and retrieve information from memory

Question 7

Proactive Interference

Answer 7

previously learned information dampers the recall of new information

Question 8

Hindsight Bias

Answer 8

the tendency to believe after an event has occurred, the one could have predicted it

Question 9

Ebbinghaus’ Forgetting Curve

Answer 9

illustrates how memory retention declines over time without rehearsal

Question 10

Authoritative Parenting

Answer 10

warm and supportive, while also being consistent with discipline

Question 11

Permissive Parenting

Answer 11

lenient, rarely gives rules, responsive to the child’s desires

Question 12

Authoritarian

Answer 12

strict and demanding; use punishment as a form of control

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

Brain region associated with decision-making, problem-solving, and personality

Question 14

Endocrine System

Answer 14

system of glands releasing hormones into the bloodstream, regulating bodily functions

Question 15

REM Sleep

Answer 15

Rapid Eye Movement, vivid dreaming occurs

Question 16

Independent vs Dependent Variables

Answer 16

independent: being manipulated
dependent: outcome being measured

Question 17

Serial Position Effect

Answer 17

recall of items based on their position in a list, primacy (beginning) and recency (end) effects

Question 18

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 18

calming branch of the autonomic nervous system, conserving energy

Question 19

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 19

controls voluntary movements by transmitting signals from the CNS to muscles

Question 20

Placebo Effect

Answer 20

improvement due to belief in receiving a treatment

Question 21

Habituation

Answer 21

decreased response to a repeated, unchanging stimulus

Question 22

Corpus Callosum

Answer 22

connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication

Question 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

activates the body’s fight-or-flight response, mobilizing energy

Question 24

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 24

Piaget’s stage where abstract and logical reasoning develops

Question 25

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 25

accumulated knowledge and skills over time

Question 26

Stimulants

Answer 26

substances that increase activity in the central nervous system, boosting energy and alertness

Question 27

Spacing Effect

Answer 27

the improved retention of information through spaced-out learning sessions

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

brain region relaying sensory information, except smell, to the cerebral cortex

Question 29

Plasticity

Answer 29

the brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt to new circumstances

Question 30

Object Permanence

Answer 30

understanding objects continue to exist even when not visible

Question 31

Schema

Answer 31

mental framework organizing and interpreting information

Question 32

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 32

the body’s internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle

Question 33

Id

Answer 33

Freud’s concept representing instinctual drives seeking pleasure

Question 34

Self-Efficacy

Answer 34

belief in one’s ability specific goals or tasks

Question 35

Self-Actualization

Answer 35

realizing one’s potential and becoming the better version of oneself

Question 36

Theory of Mind

Answer 36

understanding that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions different from one’s own

Question 37

Correlation

Answer 37

relationship between two variables; positive, negative, or none (-1 - 0 - +1)

Question 38

Neuronal Communication

Answer 38

neurons use electrical signals within themselves (action potentials) and chemical signals between them (neurotransmitters) to transmit information in the nervous system.

Question 39

Importance of Neurotransmitters

Answer 39

neurotransmitters are essential messengers that impact mood, memory, muscle movement, sleep, pain perception, attention, and various other bodily functions and behaviors. Imbalances in neurotransmitter levels can contribute to various neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Question 40

Agonists vs Antagonists

Answer 40

agonists boost neurotransmitter effects, while antagonists hinder or block them. Understanding these substances helps in designing treatments for various conditions by modulating neurotransmitter activity.

Question 41

Endocrine System and Pituitary

Answer 41

the endocrine system uses hormones to regulate bodily functions, and the pituitary gland, acting as the master regulator, plays a pivotal role by releasing hormones that control other endocrine glands and maintain overall hormonal balance.

Question 42

Pituitary and Hypothalamus Relationship

Answer 42

the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland, which, in turn, releases hormones to regulate other endocrine glands, forming a crucial axis for maintaining hormonal balance in the body.

Question 43

Fork Exercise (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 43

This exercise demonstrates the brain’s ability to process and interpret sensory stimuli, showcasing the role of the cerebral cortex in our sensory experiences.