Learning Processes

Question 1

At all ages students are trying to determine their

Answer 1

identity, where they fit in, what they are interested in, and how they interact with others.

Question 2

adolescents are particularly

Answer 2

self-centered and self involved. May not empathize well with others and often do not realize their peers ahre similar experiences. They think everyone around them is scrutinizing their actions.

Question 3

Challenges for adolescents

Answer 3

issues with
-self-image or self-concept
-physical appearance
- eating disorders
-feelings of rebelliousness
-identify formations
-tackling educational and career decisions

Question 4

Teachers play a daily role in the lives of all students

Answer 4

an adult mentor (other than a parent) enhances a student’s well-being, especially during adolescence. They can help students work through self-esteem and confidence issues by building relationships and praising them for tasks done well. They can also help students create a positive idea of themselves, which is also known as a positive self-concept.

Question 5

It is important for teachers to present the same information using

Answer 5

multiple modalities so students can experience it in a variety of ways

Question 6

3 main ways students learn

Answer 6

auditory (learn by hearing)
visual (learn by seeing)
tactile/kinesthetic (learn by touch or movement)

Question 7

Auditory learning examples

Answer 7

read alouds, verbal instructions, discussions, hearing the word spelled out letter by letter

Question 8

Visual learning instructional examples

Answer 8

charts, graphs, graphic organizers, visual aids such as slideshow presentations, seeing word written letter by letter

Question 9

Tactile/kinestehtic learning instructional examples

Answer 9

hands-on activities, incorporated body movement (such as relating hand gestures to help students remember certain concepts), opportunities to move while working

Using materials, such as magnetic letters, play-doh, or shaving cream to build or trace the word, letter by letter.

hopping from one letter to the next using letter cards on the floor

Question 10

Many students in elementary school have difficulty sitting still and thinking abstractly. Therefore, classrooms for this age group

Answer 10

need to be learner-centered with as many hands-on experiential learning opportunities as possible.

Question 11

middle school students are in a transitional stage and might show

Answer 11

characteristics of both older and younger learners. During this phase it is vital to focus on developing skills and attitudes that will bolster the students success going formard.

Question 12

Methods of increasing positive learning skills and attitudes in middle school include

Answer 12

Cooperative learning which allows tuudents to learn how to get along with others and to experience success as a group. It requires direction concerning work that should be completed independently and work that should be accomplished as a group

Encouraging lifelong learning conveys assessment and improvement in ways other than strictly a grade format. Teaches students to reflect and self-assess individual and group performance and how to improve these areas in the future. Encourages students in their studies and shows education as having essential value

Appreaciating diversity teaches multiculturalism in the classroom through projects with students of various backgrounds, direct instruction on diverse topics, and group conversations. The ability to work with and appreciate others from all backgrounds is very important for students at this age.

Question 13

Students at the high-school level seek

Answer 13

autonomy and choice in learning, but still require guidance and support to aid in making good choices.

Question 14

High school student characterstics of learning development

Answer 14

abstract thinking that focuses on gray areas between issues and change perspectives on issues to match their goals

Increased logic and reasoning but may still struggle with making choices to reflect thinking abilities

search for identity and focus on the future. Interest in complex issues and capable of back and forth conversations. Open to new perspectives

Exploration of career and life goals. Interest in future decisions and desire to make a positive impact on the community at large

Question 15

teachers should help students develop metacognition, which is

Answer 15

thinking about one’s own thinking. Students should have an awareness of how they learn and what they learn and what they know to help them apply learning strategies most effectively.

Question 16

Learning strategies teachers can guide students to use to develop metacognition

Answer 16

activating prior knowledge, questioning, using graphic organizers, annotating, using concrete examples,

Question 17

Activating prior knowledge

Answer 17

unlock what students already know to help connect with and make sense of the new information through discussions, quick writing activities, anticipatory guide/set (series of statements used to elicit student response), KWL

Question 18

Questioning

Answer 18

Actively asking questions while working through new material. This can prompt students to correct some of their own misconceptions

Question 19

Using graphic organziers

Answer 19

visually displaying informaition to show how concepts relate to each other. Focus on specific relationships (sequence of events, main ideas and details, similarities and differences). Break material down into manageable chunks

Question 20

Annotating

Answer 20

actively engaging with a text by making notes in it to note key points, jot down thoughts and reflections, ask questions, and monitor understanding

Question 21

Using concrete examples

Answer 21

Illustrating concepts with hands-on material or real-world situations is beneficial for all levels of cognitive development

Question 22

teachers should guide students throuhg applying learning strategies with the ultimate goals of

Answer 22

students using them independently in their future studies

Question 23

Using metacognition throughout learning strategies will help students

Answer 23

recognize how they learn best

Question 24

teaching the benefits of organizational skills

Answer 24

both through modeling and direct instruction. This can start with earliest grades telling students the proper place for classroom materials and continue through highschool by teaching students the benefit of budgeting and storing important documents properly.

Question 25

some students benefit from tools such as

Answer 25

self-monitoring charts and checklists

Question 26

Study skills instruction occurs with the goal of

Answer 26

creating independent learners. By modeling age-appropriate study skills and facilitating student use of the skills, students’ ability to apply those skills independently will increase.

Question 27

Study skills include

Answer 27

note-taking, summarizing reading material, test-taking skills, time management for extended projects

Question 28

Note-taking skills

Answer 28

teachers can model choosing which information from a lecture or lesson should be included in student notes Usually scaffolded with younger students through fill in the blank notes or outlines. As they get older they progress to independent note taking

Question 29

summarizing reading material

Answer 29

summarizing is a skill used to clarify student understanding and serve as a tool for review. They can vary form short “gist” statements to more complete and thorough summaries of complex materials. Strategy commonly used to facilitate summary writing is asking students the 5 ws.

Question 30

Test-taking skills

Answer 30

students should know strategies for approaching multiple-choice questions and appropriate structures for short answer or essay questions

Question 31

Time management for extended projects

Answer 31

for students in younger grades, the teacher will typically provide guidelines and checkpoints for students to follow as they complete a more extensive project. As student progress, the focus will shift to students creating their own checkpoints and managing their time more independently.

Question 32

teaching self-direction

Answer 32

goal is to instill the ability and desire in students to continue their education outside of the classroom

Question 33

The most effective way to implement self-direction is to

Answer 33

teach and alllow students to direct their own learning. As students mature, they should be given more freedom in their learning.

Question 34

Allowing students to make choices

Answer 34

increases their motivation.

Question 35

a by-product of self-directed learning is that

Answer 35

students begin to take responsibility for their own education and develop a sense of ownership in their learning.