classroom environment

Question 1

Three main theories of behavior management

Answer 1

Non-interventionist, interventionist, interactionist

Question 2

A non-interventionist assumes

Answer 2

people are naturally striving to be good and that they want to improve. Believe adults need to allow children as much room as they need so they can grow and improve naturally on their own.

Question 3

Non-interventionist and discipline

Answer 3

tend to discipline students much less because they do not want to punish or impede a student’s natural desire to improve. Students manage their own behaviors with subtle guidance from the teacher such as eye contact or a gentle pat on the shoulder when misbehaving.

Question 4

Interventionist assumes

Answer 4

people need external stimulation to guide behavior. Essentially the opposite of non-interventionist

Question 5

Interventionist tries

Answer 5

to create incentives to manage student behavior through a highly-structured classroom. The teacher monitors how the incentives are changing behavior and alter the incentives accordingly. Teacher takes responsibility for all behaviors

Question 6

Interactionist assumes

Answer 6

that actions can be explained by analyzing the factors around the child. they think that growth occurs during the interaction between the child and society, and by studying the factors, it is possible to understand and conceivably alter behavior by altering the various factors.

Question 7

How interactionist class functions

Answer 7

teacher and student work together to monitor behavior. Teacher removes negative factors from the environment and encourages the student to increase positive participation. Teacher may provide tally marks on a sticky note to give a visual fo great choices and reminders to be on task.

Question 8

Thorndike (connectionism)

Answer 8

students learn by repeating a series of stimulus and response

Question 9

watson (behaviorism)

Answer 9

focuses on the behaviors of individuals rather than internal values (thinking or feeling). Watson sought to only analyze psychology based on what could be observed.

Question 10

Maslow (hierarchy of needs)

Answer 10

in order for people to meet their full potential, they must meet a series of needs

Question 11

Pavlov (Classical conditioning)

Answer 11

Positive stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus and repeated. Then the positive stimulus is removed and the neutral stimulus has the same effect

Question 12

Skinner (Operant Conditioning)

Answer 12

using positive and negative stimulus to gain a particular outcome

Question 13

Erikson (Stages of Development)

Answer 13

People must pass through eight life stages in order to fulfill their own potential. Failure to complete any phase will hinder their ability to continue growth with success.

Question 14

If classroom behavior is not managed,

Answer 14

it creates obstacles to learning

Question 15

A teachers best bet for manging classroom behavior is to

Answer 15

take a proactive approach by trying to prevent problem behaviors from occurring in the first place.

Question 16

To take a proactive approach to behavior management, teachers can

Answer 16

Establish clear expectations from the very beginning. Seek student input about class behavior expectations to develop a sense of ownership and responsibility. Establish incentives and consequences (implement them consistently).

Question 17

Once expectations have been set, both

Answer 17

reinforcement (encouraging a behavior to happen again) and punishment (discouraging a behavior) can be used to shape behavior.

Question 18

Reinforcement and punishment can be used

Answer 18

continuously or intermittently.

Question 19

Four types of punishment and reinforcement

Answer 19

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment

Question 20

Positive reinforcement

Answer 20

presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the likelihood of heat behavior. Compliment for answering a question

Question 21

Negative reinforcement

Answer 21

removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Question 22

Example of negative reinforcement

Answer 22

teacher allows students to talk to each other if they all earn As on a quiz. The teacher is removing a stimulus (class-wide silence) in response to a behavior, to increase the likelihood of the behavior.

Question 23

Typically, negative reinforcement would be used to

Answer 23

remove a positive punishment already in place. A teacher should not begin a class with a negative stimulus

Question 24

Positive punishment

Answer 24

presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the likelihood of the behavior. For example, a student passes a note during class and the teacher writes the student detention

Question 25

Negative punishment

Answer 25

removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the likelihood of the behavior. The student is caught playing non-instructional games on the school’s computer, so the teacher removes the privilege of working on the school computer for the duration of the class period.

Question 26

when students need extra support following behavior expectations in the classroom, there are strategies teachers can use:

Answer 26

student/teacher conferences to identify the root of the issue and make a plan toward finding a solution

behavior contracts which are agreements between the teacher and the student that covers the behavioral goals and steps toward reaching it

Question 27

Questions about student behavior should be answered with a

Answer 27

safety-first mindset

Question 28

Studies have shown that schedules and routines have a strong positive impacton a child’s development beacause

Answer 28

they give students a sense of structure allowing them to anticipate when specific activities will occur and how long they will last which can help regulate their attention and emotions

Question 29

Some benefits of predictable routine include

Answer 29

helping children feel in control of the environment, easing transition time, promoting a child’s sense of safety and security, increasing a child’s independence, confidence, and sense of mastery, helping children develop self-control and healthy habits, reducing stress, reducing behavioral problems

Question 30

with schedules it is useful to have

Answer 30

incorporated pictures or illustrations (beneficial to pre-readers) and have transition cues (ringing a bell, displaying a visual timer, singing a song, clapping a special rhythm, dimming the lights)

Question 31

young children often have active, energetic dispositions. Developmentally,

Answer 31

they cannot be expected to concentrate for extended periods of time.

Question 32

short, focused instruction followed by

Answer 32

activity and movement is key

Question 33

The modern classroom is full of collaboration through which students

Answer 33

work together to meet common goals.

Question 34

Homogeneous groups are composed of

Answer 34

students on similar levels with similar academic needs. These groups are used for targeting specific skills or learning styles. Lends itself to remediation or enrichment, or any situation in which students would benefit from working with peers with similar needs

Question 35

heterogeneous groups are composed of

Answer 35

students working on various levels with varying academic needs. Used for accomplishing shared tasks or goals. Lends itself to discussions and projects, or tasks in which students would benefit from varied and diverse perspectives

Question 36

Flexible grouping

Answer 36

fluid grouping strategy based on student needs. Groups are formed based on a common goal, and stay together for however long is needed to reach the goal.

Question 37

Management tips for independent group work

Answer 37

Clearly define expectations of the group work, including expectations for the assignment itself and for how each group member will participate. Use proximity and observation to informally gauge students’ group performance. Prompts students to reflect on their group work by allowing them to evaluate their performance to identify areas for future improvment

Question 38

Benefits to using groups

Answer 38

develop social skills like ability to cooperate and communicate effectively

expose students to diverse ideas and approaches. They can learn from their peers’ thinking

small group instruction gives students a chance to practice skills ina supportive environment

learning to work in a group is valuable life experience students will carry with them as they enter the workforce

think-pair-share students work with a partner to discuss and evaluate a topic. Be quick problems worked to break up whole group instruction

Question 39

Use groups thoughtfully in the classroom, both to

Answer 39

meet students’ needs and help them learn from each other

Question 40

Young children often need guidance on how to work collaboratively. Without the proper structure

Answer 40

conflict may arise over issues such as sharing supplies and “who does what” work

Question 41

to best manage behavior in groups, teachers should

Answer 41

clearly define task and steps for successful completion of the activity

give clear responsibilities to each student in a group. Group roles ensure that everyone in the group has a clearly defined job.

Remember that children have short attention spans and don’t expect them to spend long periods of time working collaboratively. Free-play with young learners is a method for developing sharing and responsibility without the pressure of a structured assignment.

Establish a routine for using classroom resources, including details about how to quietly obtain the necessary resources and likewise, return them.

Question 42

if problem behavior in groups continues to be an issue,

Answer 42

consider implementing group reinforcement strategies (points for good behavior, points for on-subject answers, etc.)

Question 43

conflicts arise among children for a number of reasons, and young children can sometimes

Answer 43

lack the social maturity to see another student’s point of view. When conflict arises, the teacher should intervene by pausing the activity and encouraging a discussion with the students about what happened.

Question 44

Teachers should use constructive and collaborative approaches, such as

Answer 44

active listening and relevant questioning to help the students brainstorm a solution.

Question 45

When active listening, teachers must

Answer 45

give full attention to the child. This includes eye contact, getting down to the child’s level, and reflecting (repeating back the thoughts and feelings that the child is expressing).

Question 46

To help young children learn conflict resolutions strategies, teachers should

Answer 46

teach students how to verbalize their feelings, role-play conflict situations, and praise students when they resolve conflicts on their own.

Question 47

majority of time should be spent on instruction. Students should know

Answer 47

the routine or procedure for everything they do in class. They should be explicitly taught and practiced at the beginning of the school year until they become firmly established.

Question 48

one important routine to establish is how to enter the classroom so students

Answer 48

will not spend time wondering what to do while the teacher sets up for the lessons or completes administrative tasks, like taking attendance.

Question 49

Warm up assignments students can complete independently is great part of

Answer 49

morning routines

Question 50

routines and procedures that encourage independence

Answer 50

help to maximize instructional time

Question 51

Materials and organizational systems in the classroom are important

Answer 51

teachers should think trhough where materials are stored and how they are distributed so students can access what they need efficiently, and not waste instruction time acquiring supplies.

Question 52

Logistical planning

Answer 52

when appropriate, teachers can use effective grouping to rotate students through different learning activities or stations. Might also teach students protocols or reuse the same activity structure for different learning objectives.

Question 53

teachers should thoughtfully structure their class time so that students

Answer 53

spend as much of it learning as possible

Question 54

paraprofessionals are employees of the district who are there to

Answer 54

provide direct instruction, behavior management, and other related services under the direction of the classroom or special education teacher. Not certified themselves but can be in charge of many tasks in the classroom and throughout the school building.

Question 55

appropriate responsibilities given to paraprofessionals by the teacher include

Answer 55

reinforce positive behavior, redirect off-task behavior, offer one-on-one instruction with the supervision of the teacher of record, assist the teacher with records, data collection, and organization, supervise and assist students at lunch, recess, specials, and in the classroom

Question 56

volunteers are often

Answer 56

parents, community members, or high school or university students

Question 57

appropriate responsibilities of volunteers

Answer 57

offering positive social interaction with students as a mentor, assisting with organizational and classroom materials, providing one-on-one or small group tutoring