Learning, Memory, & Cognition

Question 1

Hippocampus

Answer 1

Part of the limbic system, plays an integral role in memory consolidation

Question 2

Words like “success” and “money” are:

Answer 2

Secondary positive reinforcers that people have learned to be motivated to receive

Question 3

Functions associated with the hypothalamus:

Answer 3

Endocrine functions, homeostatic functions, and drive behavior

Question 4

Thalamus

Answer 4

Associated with processing of sensory information

Question 5

Primary and secondary deviance

Answer 5

Labels given based on what society judges as acceptable behavior

Question 6

Retroactive interference

Answer 6

New information is interfering with old, previously-encoded information

Question 7

Proactive interference

Answer 7

Refers to old information interfering with the encoding of new information

Question 8

Sub-threshold interference

Answer 8

Deals with the threshold of perception

Question 9

Ebbinghaus’ theory of forgetting

Answer 9

As time progresses, the curve flattens, signifying a decreasing rate of decay (Day 1 -2, would be the earliest point in time where forgetting starts to occur)

Question 10

Ethnocentrism

Answer 10

Judging another person’s culture by the standard’s of one’s own culture

Question 11

Interactionism and behaviorism

Answer 11

Both require imitation and reinforcement

Question 12

Empiricism

Answer 12

Would require environmental influence, on the grounds that difffering environments would lead to different types of sign language

Question 13

Nativism

Answer 13

Ingrained language mechanism, culture and environment do not influence

Question 14

When is fetal exposure to radiation/chemicals most likely to cause serious anomalies that compromise viability of the embryo?

Answer 14

5 - 10 weeks from conception

Question 15

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 15

Regulated satiety; if lesioned the hypothalamus will be unable to signal to the rest of the body that feeding has been adequate and hyperphagia will result

Question 16

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 16

Lesion here will result in anorexia, since this area regulates hunger

Question 17

Bilateral lesions of the amygdala

Answer 17

Result in hypersexuality in a syndrome known as Kluver-Bucy

Question 18

Lesions of anterior hypothalamus

Answer 18

Result in asexuality

Question 19

Long-term memory

Answer 19

Memory that is stored from a few minutes to a lifetime

Question 20

Short-term

Answer 20

Lasting a few second to a few minutes

Question 21

Sensory memory

Answer 21

Lasts at the most one second and is important in the filtering and prioritization of all sensory input

Question 22

Working memory

Answer 22

Holds all of the information that a person is actively using at a certain time; it is a combination of sensory, short-term, and long-term memories that the person is actively manipulating to achieve a task

Question 23

Recognition

Answer 23

Presenting someone with an image and they have to determine whether or not they were presented with that image a week prior; can the participant match the stimulus in front of them with one they remembered

Question 24

Ventral pathway

Answer 24

Responsible for passive recognition, which includes visual memory, such as the form, function, and normal location of the object

Question 25

Dorsal pathway

Answer 25

Responsible for visually guided behavior, and is understood in terms of spatial attention, orientation, and motor control

Question 26

Language is located where in the brain

Answer 26

Primarily the left hemisphere

Question 27

Vicarious learning through modeling

Answer 27

Can help improve one’s self-efficacy