Learning, memory, and thinking/intelligence

Question 1

in Pavlov’s classical conditioning research, a tone was used as the ____, and food inserted in the mouth served as the _____.

Answer 1

CS, UCS

Question 2

you have a cat that runs to the sound of the cat food cabinet opening. the sound of the cabinet is the _____

Answer 2

conditioned stimulus.

Question 3

in the experiment with little Albert, the UCS was ____.

Answer 3

the loud noise

Question 4

in the experiment with little Albert, the CR was ____.

Answer 4

fear of the rat

Question 5

any stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ______.

Answer 5

reinforcer

Question 6

any stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a _____.

Answer 6

punisher

Question 7

a reinforcer that adds something rewarding is a ____.

Answer 7

positive rienforcer

Question 8

a reinforcer that eliminates something unpleasant is a ____.

Answer 8

negative reinforcer

Question 9

a dolphin learns to swim toward a blue platform but not toward a red platform. this shows the concept of _____.

Answer 9

discrimination

Question 10

in classical conditioning, the diminishing of the CR following the removal of the UCS is called ____.

Answer 10

extinction

Question 11

piecework in a factory is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer 11

fixed-ratio

Question 12

a slot machine is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer 12

variable-ration

Question 13

if you work a job where you get paid a salary every 2 weeks, you are being reinforced on a ______ schedule.

Answer 13

fixed-interval

Question 14

“pop” quizzes are _____ schedules of reinforcement.

Answer 14

variable-interval

Question 15

the results of Bandura’s Bobo doll studies illustrate _____.

Answer 15

observational learning

Question 16

Continuing to take Advil because it alleviates headaches is an example of _____.

Answer 16

negative reinforcement

Question 17

no longer parking in “no parking” zones because you lost money in fines for doing so is an example of _____.

Answer 17

negative punishment

Question 18

which of the following types of memory holds sensory input until we can attend to and recognize it?

Answer 18

sensory memory

Question 19

our short term memory capacity is ___ +/- 2 chunks.

Answer 19

7

Question 20

the primacy and recency effects in free recall demonstrate that we have the greatest difficulty recalling the words _____ of a list.

Answer 20

in the middle

Question 21

an essay test measures ____, and a multiple-choice test measures ____.

Answer 21

recall, recognition

Question 22

the tendency to think of only the most typical uses of objects in a problem setting is called ____.

Answer 22

functional fixedness

Question 23

what intelligence theorists defined intelligence as eight independent bits of intelligence?

Answer 23

Gardner

Question 24

standardization:

Answer 24

process that allows test scores to be interpreted by providing test norms.

Question 25

validity:

Answer 25

the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure to predict what it is supposed to predict.

Question 26

reliability:

Answer 26

the extent to which the scores for a test are consistent

Question 27

semantic memory:

Answer 27

factual knowledge, what you learn in school.

Question 28

episodic memory:

Answer 28

personal experiences

Question 29

working memory:

Answer 29

stimuli that get put into the brain for a short time and then get ride of it. ex. studying for test, after test, you forget information

Question 30

procedural memory:

Answer 30

motor and cognitive skills involving procedures.

Question 31

priming:

Answer 31

influence of an earlier presented stimulus on the response to a later stimulus.

Question 32

classical conditioning:

Answer 32

conditioned response automatically elicited by conditioned stimuli.

Question 33

prospective memory

Answer 33

for the future