Developmental Psychology Flashcards
in human conception, another name for the fertilized egg is
zygote
at about 6 to 7 months, an infant starts rhythmically repeating various syllables, this is called
babbling
according to Piaget’s theory, children are in the ____ stage if they have symbolic ability but lack conservation
preoperational
according to Piaget, _____ is the interpretation of new experiences in terms of present schemas, and ___ is the modification of present schemas to fit with the new experiences.
assimilation, accommodation
Vygotsky’s term for the difference between what a child can actually do and what the child can do with the help of others is
zone of proximal development
in a _____ study, people of different ages are studied at one point in time and compared with another
cross-sectional
according to Kohlberg, a person who complies with rules and laws to avoid punishment is in the ____ level
preconventional
according to Ainsworth, a child who shows little distress when the mother leaves in the Srange Situation procedure and neglects her when she returned has developed a(n) ___ attachment.
insecure-avoidant
which of the following parenting styles is most positively related to academic success, happiness, independence, and self-confidence?
authoritative
according to Erikson’s theory, ____ is the issue that a person faces during adolescence
identity vs. role confusion
during the ____ stage of prenatal development, the body structures and organs complete their growth
fetal
a decrease in physiological responding to a stimulus once it becomes familiar is called ____
habituation
Johnny who are only 4 years old stands in front of you blocking the view of the tv but he does not realize he is doing so. he thinks his view is the same as yours. Johnny is displaying ___ and is in Piaget’s ___ stage of development.
egocentrism, preoperational
michelle who is 18 months old has a pet dog named sam. after she learns the name of her dog, she calls all of the dogs she sees sam. she is demonstrating
overextension
studies of intelligence in adulthood reveal that fluid intelligence abilities ___ with age and crystalized intelligence abilities ____ with age.
decrease, increase
infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic needs
trust v mistrust
children learn to be self-sufficient in many activities. if restrained, they learn to doubt their abilities.
autonomy v shame and doubt
children learn to assume more responsibility by taking initiative but will feel guilty if limits are overstepped.
initiative v guilt
children learn to be competent by mastering new skills or feel inferior if they fail to develop skills
industry v inferiority
adolescents develop a sense of identity by experimenting with different roles. no role experimentation might result in role confusion.
identity v role confusion
young adults form intimate relationships with others or become isolated because of failure to do so
intimacy v isolation
middle-aged adults feel they are helping the next generation through their work and children rearing, or they stagnate because they feel that they are not helping
generativity v stagnation
older adults assess their lives and develop integrity if they feel their lives have been meaningful and despair if not meaningful
integrity v despair
compliance with rules to avoid punishment obtains rewards
preconventional
