Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

in human conception, another name for the fertilized egg is

A

zygote

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2
Q

at about 6 to 7 months, an infant starts rhythmically repeating various syllables, this is called

A

babbling

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3
Q

according to Piaget’s theory, children are in the ____ stage if they have symbolic ability but lack conservation

A

preoperational

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4
Q

according to Piaget, _____ is the interpretation of new experiences in terms of present schemas, and ___ is the modification of present schemas to fit with the new experiences.

A

assimilation, accommodation

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5
Q

Vygotsky’s term for the difference between what a child can actually do and what the child can do with the help of others is

A

zone of proximal development

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6
Q

in a _____ study, people of different ages are studied at one point in time and compared with another

A

cross-sectional

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7
Q

according to Kohlberg, a person who complies with rules and laws to avoid punishment is in the ____ level

A

preconventional

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8
Q

according to Ainsworth, a child who shows little distress when the mother leaves in the Srange Situation procedure and neglects her when she returned has developed a(n) ___ attachment.

A

insecure-avoidant

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9
Q

which of the following parenting styles is most positively related to academic success, happiness, independence, and self-confidence?

A

authoritative

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10
Q

according to Erikson’s theory, ____ is the issue that a person faces during adolescence

A

identity vs. role confusion

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11
Q

during the ____ stage of prenatal development, the body structures and organs complete their growth

A

fetal

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12
Q

a decrease in physiological responding to a stimulus once it becomes familiar is called ____

A

habituation

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13
Q

Johnny who are only 4 years old stands in front of you blocking the view of the tv but he does not realize he is doing so. he thinks his view is the same as yours. Johnny is displaying ___ and is in Piaget’s ___ stage of development.

A

egocentrism, preoperational

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14
Q

michelle who is 18 months old has a pet dog named sam. after she learns the name of her dog, she calls all of the dogs she sees sam. she is demonstrating

A

overextension

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15
Q

studies of intelligence in adulthood reveal that fluid intelligence abilities ___ with age and crystalized intelligence abilities ____ with age.

A

decrease, increase

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16
Q

infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic needs

A

trust v mistrust

17
Q

children learn to be self-sufficient in many activities. if restrained, they learn to doubt their abilities.

A

autonomy v shame and doubt

18
Q

children learn to assume more responsibility by taking initiative but will feel guilty if limits are overstepped.

A

initiative v guilt

19
Q

children learn to be competent by mastering new skills or feel inferior if they fail to develop skills

A

industry v inferiority

20
Q

adolescents develop a sense of identity by experimenting with different roles. no role experimentation might result in role confusion.

A

identity v role confusion

21
Q

young adults form intimate relationships with others or become isolated because of failure to do so

A

intimacy v isolation

22
Q

middle-aged adults feel they are helping the next generation through their work and children rearing, or they stagnate because they feel that they are not helping

A

generativity v stagnation

23
Q

older adults assess their lives and develop integrity if they feel their lives have been meaningful and despair if not meaningful

A

integrity v despair

24
Q

compliance with rules to avoid punishment obtains rewards

A

preconventional

25
Q

engages in behavior to get approval of others, behavior is guided by duty to uphold laws for their own sake

A

conventional

26
Q

obeys rules for social order, violating universal ethical principles

A

post-conventional

27
Q

children use senses and motor abilities to learn about the world and develop object permanence

A

sensorimotor

28
Q

children use symbolic thinking to understand the world but remain egocentric and lack mental operations that allow logical thinking

A

preoperational

29
Q

children gain cognitive operations for logical thinking but cannot reason abstractly

A

concrete operational

30
Q

further development of cognitive operations enables adolescents to engage in abstract thinking and reasoning

A

formal operational