Final exam

Question 1

what method perspective is this?

stresses the basic elements of experience and the combination in which these elements occur.

Answer 1

structuralism

Question 2

what method perspective is this?

concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment

Answer 2

functionalism

Question 3

what method perspective is this?

studies only observable and measurable behavior

Answer 3

behaviorism

Question 4

what method perspective is this?

maintains that hidden motives and unconscious desires govern much of our behavior

Answer 4

psychoanalysis

Question 5

what method perspective is this?

concerned with alienation and meaningless in modern life and resulting in psychological problems

Answer 5

existential psychology

Question 6

what method perspective is this?

emphasizes nonverbal experience and altered states in consciously realizing one’s potential

Answer 6

humanistic psychology

Question 7

what method perspective is this?

stresses the whole character of perception

Answer 7

gestalt psychology

Question 8

what method perspective is this?

studies mental processes in the broadest sense

Answer 8

cognitive psychology

Question 9

which psychologist is this describing?

the “father of psychology”

Answer 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 10

which psychologist is this describing?

founder of structuralism

Answer 10

E.B. Titchener

Question 11

which psychologist is this describing?

founder of functionalism

Answer 11

William James

Question 12

which psychologist is this describing?

founder of the psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud

Question 13

which psychologist is this describing?

founder of behaviorism

Answer 13

John B. Watson

Question 14

which psychologist is this describing?

focused on learning through rewards and observation

Answer 14

B.F. Skinner

Question 15

which psychologist is this describing?

studied learning in animals; a famous experiment involving dogs

Answer 15

Ivan Pavlov

Question 16

which psychologist is this describing?

developmental and cognitive psychologist known for studies of children’s thought processes

Answer 16

Jean Piaget

Question 17

which psychologist is this describing?

prominent humanist

Answer 17

Abraham Maslow

Question 18

A _____ psychologist would study brain activity to determine why a person is depressed.

Answer 18

biological

Question 19

A _____ psychologist would say that Frank refuses to use profanity as an adult because he was punished for it in the past.

Answer 19

behavioral

Question 20

A _______ psychologist would say that much of what shapes our personality takes place in our thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that operate below our level of consciousness.

Answer 20

psychoanalytical

Question 21

A ______ psychologist would ask, What thoughts lead up to episodes of heavy drinking?

Answer 21

cognitive

Question 22

A ______ psychologist would say that people act differently because of the different groups they are associated with.

Answer 22

sociocultural

Question 23

Psychology is the study of behavior and ________________.

Answer 23

mental processes

Question 24

Which of the following would be the best procedure for obtaining a representative sample of the students at a school?

Answer 24

sampling randomly from a list of all the students enrolled in the school

Question 25

When you watch children play at a daycare center to gather information about the difference in aggression between boys and girls, you are using the ________________ research method.

Answer 25

naturalistic observation

Question 26

A research method that studies a person in-depth for some time through the use of observation, interviews, and writing is the ________________ method.

Answer 26

case study

Question 27

A control measure in an experiment in which neither the experimenters nor the participants know which participants are in the experimental and control groups is called ________________.

Answer 27

double-blind

Question 28

When one variable increases and the other variable increases, ________________ correlation is said to be found.

Answer 28

positive

Question 29

When one variable increases and the other variable decreases, ________________ correlation is said to be found.

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

Height and weight are ________________ correlated; elevation and temperature are ________________ correlated.

Answer 30

positively; negatively

Question 31

Manipulate is to measure as ________________ is to ________________.

Answer 31

independent variable; dependent variable

Question 32

Which of the following types of scatterplots depicts a weak, negative correlation?

Answer 32

a lot of scatter with data points going from the top left to the bottom right

Question 33

A social psychologist does an experiment to discover whether men or women give lower ratings of discomfort when six people are crowded in a telephone booth. The independent variable is ________________.

Answer 33

gender

Question 34

Psychologists want to determine the effects of caffeine on high school students. Specifically, they want to examine the rise in energy drinks to determine if it is affecting behavior in the classroom. The experimenters have decided to study students who drink no caffeine at all, one can of soda, and one energy drink in a day. The dependent variable is ________________.

Answer 34

the behavior in the classroom

Question 35

In an experiment to find out if taking Ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be ____________________.

Answer 35

the dependent variable

Question 36

A _____ psychologist would study brain activity to determine why a person is depressed.

Answer 36

biological

Question 37

A ______ psychologist would say that Tony refuses to use profanity as an adult because he was punished for it in the past.

Answer 37

behavioral

Question 38

A ______ psychologist would say that much of what shapes our personality takes place in our thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that operate below our level of consciousness.

Answer 38

psychoanalytical

Question 39

A _____ psychologist would say each of us is like a perfect seed, if we get the right amount of water, nutrients, and sunlight from the environment, we will become the perfect flower.

Answer 39

humanistic

Question 40

A _____ psychologist would say that humans are thinking creatures able to compare the past with the present and make judgments.

Answer 40

cognitive

Question 41

A ______ psychologist would look at racial prejudice and fairness of IQ testing for different groups.

Answer 41

sociocultural

Question 42

A ______ psychologist would say that although a person’s personal growth has been slowed, it can recover with guidance.

Answer 42

behavioral

Question 43

A _______ psychologist would say that a person’s memory problem is a result of a physical malfunction resulting from trouble at work.

Answer 43

biological

Question 44

A ______ psychologist would say that a person learned to fight when confronted because they were rewarded for it by their father in the past.

Answer 44

behavioral

Question 45

A ______ psychologist would say that people act differently because of the different groups they are associated with.

Answer 45

sociocultural

Question 46

A ______ psychologist would ask, Is heavy drinking an indication of some deeper problem or conflict raging in the unconscious?

Answer 46

psychoanalytical

Question 47

A ______ psychologist would ask, How does alcoholism differ from one culture to another?

Answer 47

sociocultural

Question 48

A _____ psychologist would ask, Is alcoholism learned?

Answer 48

behavioral

Question 49

A _______ psychologist would ask, How does alcohol affect the brain?

Answer 49

biological

Question 50

A ______ psychologist would ask, What thoughts lead up to episodes of heavy drinking?

Answer 50

cognitive

Question 51

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Individuals will respond more to a person in uniform than to a person not in uniform.

Answer 51

Ind: the person in uniform/whether they are in uniform.

Dep: the # of individuals that respond better to a person in uniform compared to a person not in uniform.

Question 52

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Violent behavior observed in early childhood will cause individuals to become violent as adults.

Answer 52

Ind: whether the child observed violent behavior.

Dep: whether the child grows up to become violent or not as an adult.

Question 53

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Tylenol will improve lower back pain in individuals more than a placebo.

Answer 53

Ind: Tylenol

Dep: lower back pain response

Question 54

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Men who lift weights are less likely to suffer sports-related injuries than those who do not.

Answer 54

Ind: If the men lifted weights or not

Dep: the amount who suffer sports-related injuries

Question 55

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Females who take a multivitamin are less likely to have children with birth defects than females who do not take a multivitamin.

Answer 55

Ind: If females take vitamins or not.

Dep: Amount of women who have children with birth defects.

Question 56

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

A social psychologist does an experiment to discover whether men or women give lower ratings of discomfort when six people are crowded into a telephone booth.

Answer 56

Ind: men or women

Dep: response to the experiment survey

Question 57

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Psychologists want to determine the effects of caffeine on high school students. Specifically, they want to examine the rise in energy drinks to determine if it is affecting behavior in the classroom. The experimenters have decided to study students who drink no caffeine at all, one can of soda, and one energy drink in a day.

Answer 57

Ind: students who drink caffeine vs. no caffeine

Dep: the behavior response from caffeine

Question 58

what is the ind. and dep. variable?

Researchers want to investigate the stereotype that women talk more than men. They outfit a large sample of college students with recording devices that automatically record them at random intervals throughout the day. The recorders collect a sample from each individual for the researchers to compare.

Answer 58

Ind: women and men

Dep: the amount of words

Question 59

which neuron part is described?

contain small sacs called synaptic vesicles that play an important role in transmitting signals from one cell to the next

Answer 59

axon terminals

Question 60

which neuron part is described?

carry signals to other nerve cells

Answer 60

axon

Question 61

which neuron part is described?

receive signals from other nerve cells

Answer 61

dendrite

Question 62

which neuron part is described?

contains the nucleus, which controls the function of the entire cell

Answer 62

cell body

Question 63

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 63

regulates the level of blood sugar

Question 64

what does the gonads do?

Answer 64

helps to stimulate sex development

Question 65

what does the thyroid do?

Answer 65

releases a hormone that helps regulates the body’s metabolism

Question 66

what does the adrenal gland do?

Answer 66

releases hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

Question 67

what does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 67

known as the “master gland” because it triggers the action of other endocrine glands

Question 68

An axon transmits messages ______ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ______ the cell body.

Answer 68

away from; toward

Question 69

Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure are controlled by the ______.

Answer 69

medulla

Question 70

Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, sleeping, and temperature control are regulated by the _____.

Answer 70

hypothalamus

Question 71

The main function of the _______________ is to alert and arouse the higher parts of the brain.

Answer 71

reticular formation

Question 72

The part of the limbic system that is involved in learning and forming new memories.

Answer 72

hippocampus

Question 73

The limbic system includes all of the following except ______.

Answer 73

corpus collusum

Question 74

Analysis and problem-solving are handled in the ______.

Answer 74

cerebral cortex

Question 75

What structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and coordinates their activities?

Answer 75

corpus collusum

Question 76

The occipital lobe receives and interprets __________________ information.

Answer 76

visual

Question 77

________________ plays an important role in language comprehension.

Answer 77

Wernicke’s area

Question 78

______________ plays an important role in the production of speech.

Answer 78

Broca’s area

Question 79

The ____________ nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 79

central

Question 80

Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history?

Answer 80

brainstem

Question 81

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments?

Answer 81

frontal lobes

Question 82

Split-brain patients have had surgery to cut the _____.

Answer 82

corpus collusum

Question 83

If a split-brain research participant is blindfolded and a fork is placed in his or her right hand, how would that person respond?

Answer 83

they would be able to name the object

Question 84

Following the damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by ____.

Answer 84

irrability

Question 85

Gestalt psychology stresses ____________________.

Answer 85

stress the whole character of perception

Question 86

The process of sensation is ____________________.

Answer 86

the stimulation of senses

Question 87

The process by which we create meaningful experiences out of the jumble of sensory information is called ____________________.

Answer 87

perception

Question 88

Sensation is to ____________________ as perception is to ____________________.

Answer 88

stimulation; interpretation

Question 89

what are the cones?

Answer 89

receptor cell responsible for color vision

Question 90

The place on the retina where axons of all the ganglion cells come together to leave the eye is called the ____________________

Answer 90

blind spot

Question 91

Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ____________________.

Answer 91

binocular cues

Question 92

The hue (or color) of light depends on its ____________________.

Answer 92

wavelength

Question 93

The eye is sensitive to only a very small segment of the spectrum known as ____________________.

Answer 93

visible light

Question 94

Red wavelengths of light are ____________________, and violet wavelengths of light are ____________________.

Answer 94

long; short

Question 95

The rods in the retina are responsible for ____________________ vision, and the cones are responsible for ____________________ vision.

Answer 95

dim light; color

Question 96

When mixing paints, red, blue, and yellow make ____________________ paint.

Answer 96

black

Question 97

When mixing lights, red, green, and blue make ____________________ light.

Answer 97

white

Question 98

The most common form of colorblindness is a(n) ____________________ color deficiency.

Answer 98

red/green

Question 99

match the pairs of the Opponent-Process theory:

red: ______
yellow: ______
black: ______

Answer 99

green
blue
white

Question 100

The theory of color that best explains color after-images is ____________________.

Answer 100

opponent-process theory

Question 101

Human hearing goes from ____________________ Hz.

Answer 101

20-20,000

Question 102

Prolonged exposure above ____________________ dB produces hearing loss.

Answer 102

85

Question 103

As a sound wave moves from the outer ear to the inner ear, what is the order that the sound wave would reach them?

Answer 103

auditory canal, anvil, oval window cochlea, auditory nerve

Question 104

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are the ____________________.

Answer 104

bones in the middle ear

Question 105

Frequency determines ____________________.

Answer 105

pitch

Question 106

As compared to long objects, short objects vibrate ____________________ and produce sound waves of ____________________ frequency.

Answer 106

faster; higher

Question 107

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic tastes?

• salty
• sour
• bland
• sweet

Answer 107

bland

Question 108

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic skin senses?

• tingling
• cold
• warmth
• pressure

Answer 108

tingling

Question 109

what is similarity?

Answer 109

the tendency to place items that look simular in a group

Question 110

what is continuity?

Answer 110

the tendency to perceive items that continue a pattern or direction tend to be grouped together as part of the pattern.

Question 111

what is proximity?

Answer 111

the tendency to place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

Question 112

what is closure?

Answer 112

the tendency to look at a whole by filling in the gaps in a perceptual field

Question 113

Messages that are supposedly sent to people which motivate them to buy a produce without them being aware of the messages are called ____________________.

Answer 113

subliminal messages

Question 114

Perceiving either a vase or two facial silhouettes looking at each other was used to illustrate the Gestalt principle of ____________________.

Answer 114

figure and ground

Question 115

Perceiving two ambiguous characters numerically as 13 or alphabetically as the letter B was used to illustrate ____________________.

Answer 115

contextual effects

Question 116

The process of learning is defined as experience resulting in a ________________________________.

Answer 116

relatively permanent behavior change

Question 117

By pairing the ringing of the bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the ________________________________.

Answer 117

unconditioned stimulus

Question 118

You have a dog that runs to the sound of a ziploc bag opening. The sound of the ziploc bag opening is the ________________________________.

Answer 118

conditioned stimulus

Question 119

In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was ________________________________.

Answer 119

the loud noise

Question 120

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned response was ________________________________.

Answer 120

the fear of the rat

Question 121

Which of the following is NOT an example of operantly learned behavior?

• a rat pressing a bar to avoid a shock for this behavior
• a child studying in order to get a teacher’s approval
• a rat pressing a bar after receiving food for his behavior
• eye blinking after a flash of light is presented

Answer 121

eye blinking after a flash of light is presented

Question 122

Operant conditioning is based on the principle that behaviors occur more often when they are ________________________________.

Answer 122

reinforced

Question 123

Any stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ________________________________.

Answer 123

reinforcer

Question 124

Any stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ________________________________.

Answer 124

punisher

Question 125

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding is a ________________________________.

Answer 125

positive reinforcer

Question 126

A reinforcer that eliminates something unpleasant is a ________________________________.

Answer 126

negative reinforcer

Question 127

A dolphin learns to swim toward a blue platform but not toward a red platform. This shows the concept of ________________________________.

Answer 127

discrimination

Question 128

The result of the Bandura’s Bobo doll studies illustrates ________________________________.

Answer 128

observational learning

Question 129

If you work a job where you get paid a salary every 2 weeks, you are being reinforced on a ________________________________ schedule.

Answer 129

fixed-interval

Question 130

Piecework in a factory is an example of a ________________________________ schedule of reinforcement; a slot machine is an example of a ________________________________ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer 130

fixed-ratio; variable-ratio

Question 131

Continuing to take Advil because it alleviates headlines is an example of ________________________________, and no longer parking in “No Parking” zones because you lost money in fines for doing so is an example of ________________________________.

Answer 131

negative reinforcement; negative punishment

Question 132

Which of the following types of memory holds sensory input until we can attend to and recognize it?

Answer 132

sensory memory

Question 133

The primacy and recency effects in free recall demonstrate that we have the greatest difficulty recalling the words _____________ of a list.

Answer 133

in the middle

Question 134

Our short-term memory capacity is ________ +/- 2 chunks.

Answer 134

7

Question 135

An essay test measures ___________, and a multiple-choice test measures ___________.

Answer 135

recall; recognition

Question 136

The tendency to think of only the most typical uses of objects in a problem setting is called _____________.

Answer 136

functional fixedness

Question 137

The intelligence test scores for __________ are most strongly correlated.

Answer 137

identical twins reared apart

Question 138

Which of the following intelligence theorists emphasized the g factor?

Answer 138

Spearman

Question 139

Which of the following intelligence theorists proposed three types of intelligence – analytical, practical, and creative.

Answer 139

Sternburg

Question 140

Which of the following intelligence theorists defined intelligence as eight independent intelligences?

Answer 140

Gardner

Question 141

which type of memory is represented?

words to the school song

Answer 141

semantic memory

Question 142

which type of memory is represented?

what you ate for dinner Sunday night

Answer 142

episodic memory

Question 143

which type of memory is represented?

figuring out a tip for your hairdresser

Answer 143

working memory

Question 144

which type of memory is represented?

riding a bike

Answer 144

procedural memory

Question 145

which type of memory is represented?

remembering you need to buy a present for your teacher next week

Answer 145

prospective

Question 146

what is the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?

Kim is a Fieldcrest High School senior. She is pretty typical in that she has great difficulty getting up in the morning. Still, she forces herself out of bed and into the shower when her alarm goes off. Sometimes the water will turn scalding hot and Kim will begin screaming in pain. The reason for this is that her little brother, Tim, will flush the toilet. The pipes are connected which causes the change in water temperature. After enough occurrences of this happening, Kim has learned to quickly jump out of the shower when she hears the toilet flush.

Answer 146

UCS: hot water
UCR: pain sensation
CS: sound of toilet flush
CR: jump out of shower

Question 147

what is the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?

Tommy has gotten into the habit of yelling “Bye, Dad!” and then slamming the door very loudly in his hurry to leave for school in the morning. The door slam causes his father to flinch. After several days of the procedure, Tommy’s dad begins to flinch at the sound of his son’s words, “Bye, Dad!”

Answer 147

UCS: slamming door
UCR: flinching
CS: “bye dad!”
CR: flinching

Question 148

what is the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?

Mr. Oppenheimer goes to the humane society and adopts a brand new kitten named Pepper. He takes his wonderful fur ball home and presents her a delicious dish of yellowfin tuna and shrimp, which Mr. Oppenheimer caught fresh from the sea with his bare hands. Upon presentation of her meal, Pepper begins salivating. For the next week, Mr. Oppenheimer whistles right before he presents Pepper with her food. Eventually, Pepper begins salivating just from hearing Mr. Oppenheimer’s whistle alone.

Answer 148

UCS: cat food
UCR: salvation
CS: whistling sound
CR: salvation

Question 149

what is the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?

When a mother strokes her infant’s skin, the stroking creates pleasure responses in the baby. After this goes on for many days, the baby begins to show pleasure responses simply at the sight of the mother (before even being touched).

Answer 149

UCS: stroking skin
UCR: baby shows pleasure
CS: mother
CR: baby shows pleasure

Question 150

what is the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?

It’s another lunch day at Fieldcrest High School, which means chicken is on the menu. Aaron loves chicken, though, so he’s a happy kid. As he’s devouring “nuggets” of dead bird, he suddenly gets sick and projectile vomits everywhere. it turns out the chicken wasn’t cooked long enough. From that day on, just hearing that chicken is on the lunch menu during the daily announcements starts to make Aaron feel sick.

Answer 150

UCS: undercooked chicken
UCR: getting sick
CS: mention of chicken
CR: getting sick

Question 151

what form of operant conditioning is described?

Jamie spanks his child for playing in the street.

Answer 151

positive punishment

Question 152

what form of operant conditioning is described?

A teenager loses his cell phone for talking back to his mom.

Answer 152

negative punishment

Question 153

what form of operant conditioning is described?

Tasting bitter nail chemicals when you try to bite your nails.

Answer 153

positive punishment

Question 154

what form of operant conditioning is described?

Giving your child dessert because he ate his vegetables.

Answer 154

positive reinforcement

Question 155

what form of operant conditioning is described?

Receiving a hug from your parents after throwing a temper tantrum.

Answer 155

positive reinforcement

Question 156

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

You get a paycheck every Tuesday.

Answer 156

fixed-interval

Question 157

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

A psychologist gives a rat a food pellet each time it pushes a lever in its cage.

Answer 157

fixed-ratio

Question 158

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

You go fishing on Lake Minocqua every weekend. Sometimes it takes 1 hour to catch a crappie, sometimes 15 minutes, sometimes 45 minutes.

Answer 158

variable-interval

Question 159

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

A college student’s mother sends her a box of fudge every Thursday.

Answer 159

fixed-interval

Question 160

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Mrs. Bartman used to work in the garment factory in Toluca. She would get paid $2 for every pant that she sent through the line.

Answer 160

fixed-ratio

Question 161

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

You go to Atlantic City and play the slot machines. Sometimes you win money after putting in 3 quarters, sometimes after 15 quarters, sometimes after putting in 7.

Answer 161

variable-ratio

Question 162

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Michael’s mother gives him an M&M for each toy he puts away in his toy box.

Answer 162

fixed-ratio

Question 163

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Teri collects empty soda cans. The recycling center gives her $1 for every 30 cans.

Answer 163

fixed-ratio

Question 164

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Tom delivers newspapers in his neighborhood. Sometimes Mrs. Lewis pays him every 2 weeks at a time, sometimes she pays for 1 week, and sometimes she pays for a month.

Answer 164

variable-interval

Question 165

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

You start playing the lottery. You win $10 the first time you play. You play 12 more times before you win again and then 3 more times after that before you win.

Answer 165

variable-ratio

Question 166

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

For every ten words spelled correctly, a child gets a star by their name on the bulletin board.

Answer 166

fixed-ratio

Question 167

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

A child is rewarded if they are sitting correctly after every two minutes goes by.

Answer 167

fixed-interval

Question 168

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Selling cookies door to door.

Answer 168

variable-interval

Question 169

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Slot machines are based on this schedule.

Answer 169

variable-ratio

Question 170

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Frequent flyer program in which one gets a free flight after a specific number of miles are flown.

Answer 170

fixed-ratio

Question 171

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Waiting for an elevator to arrive.

Question 172

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

A dolphin is given a fish after it jumps through a hoop six times.

Answer 172

fixed-ratio

Question 173

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

Checking your mailbox for mail which comes daily at 3 PM

Answer 173

fixed-interval

Question 174

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

A fisherman turns over rocks looking for worms.

Answer 174

variable-ratio

Question 175

which schedule of reinforcement is being described?

A rat is rewarded for the first correct response after every 30 seconds.

Answer 175

fixed-interval

Question 176

which stage of Erikson is described?

children learn to be competent by mastering new intellectual, social, and physical skills or feel inferior if they fail to develop these skills.

Answer 176

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 177

which stage of Erikson is described?

infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic needs

Answer 177

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 178

which stage of Erikson is described?

middle-aged adults feel that they are helping the next generation through their work or child-rearing, or they stagnate because they feel like they are not helping

Answer 178

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Question 179

which stage of Erikson is described?

young adults form intimate relationships with others or are isolated because of a failure to do so

Answer 179

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 180

which stage of Erikson is described?

adolescents develop a sense of identity by experimenting with different roles. no role experimentation may result in role confusion

Answer 180

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 181

which stage of Erikson is described?

children learn to become self-sufficient in many activities such as toilet training, walking, and exploring. if restrained too much, they learn to doubt their abilities and feel shame.

Answer 181

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 182

which stage of Erikson is described?

children learn to assume more responsibility by taking initiative but will feel guilt if they overstep limits set by parents.

Answer 182

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 183

which stage of Erikson is described?

older adults assess their lives and develop a sense of integrity if they find their lives have been meaningful and a sense of despair if their lives do not seem meaningful

Answer 183

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 184

According to Kohlberg, ______ morality focuses on upholding laws and social rules, _______ morality focuses on self-interest, and _______ morality focuses on self-defined ethical principles.

Answer 184

conventional; pre-conventional; post-conventional

Question 185

According to Piaget, ______ is the interpretation of new experiences in terms of present schemas, and _______ is the modification of present schemas to fit with new experiences.

Answer 185

assimilation; accommodation

Question 186

which stage of Piaget is described?

Develops Object Permanence

Answer 186

sensorimotor

Question 187

which stage of Piaget is described?

Masters Conservation

Answer 187

concrete observational

Question 188

which stage of Piaget is described?

Understands Abstract Logic

Answer 188

formal observational

Question 189

which stage of Piaget is described?

Egocentrism

Answer 189

pre-operational

Question 190

which stage of Piaget is described?

A student is able to discuss the question, “What would the world be like if Martin Luther King Jr. had not been assassinated?”

Answer 190

formal operational

Question 191

which stage of Piaget is described?

Jordan wants more cookies. His mother breaks the cookie in half that Jordan already has and he is satisfied.

Answer 191

pre-operational

Question 192

which stage of Piaget is described?

(A child talking to his friend) “The moon follows my Dad and me when we drive.”

Answer 192

pre-operational

Question 193

which stage of Piaget is described?

When given a set of cards picturing the steps in baking a cake, Samantha can put them in proper order.

Answer 193

concrete operational

Question 194

which stage of Piaget is described?

If Charlie wants his pacifier, he can reach for it and pick it up.

Answer 194

sensorimotor

Question 195

which stage of Piaget is described?

Jo Ellen can predict the movement of a body, taking into account several influences simultaneously.

Answer 195

formal operational

Question 196

which stage of Piaget is described?

A child at this stage might appreciate the cultural custom of Santa. They enjoy Santa as a symbol of seasonal celebration in keeping with their ability to understand abstract ideas.

Answer 196

formal operational

Question 197

which stage of Erikson is described?

Savannah built a boat out of cardboard and wood. When Savannah decided to sail her boat in the lake, her parents gave the launching of her boat the same fanfare and attention that they gave to the launching of the model boat her father built.

Answer 197

industry v. inferiority

Question 198

which stage of Erikson is described?

Mr. Hand allows his seniors in government class the opportunity to discuss not only the current events of the day but also their views and opinions regarding those current events.

Answer 198

identity v. role confusion

Question 199

which stage of Erikson is described?

When the baby is hungry and cries, his mother feeds him.

Answer 199

trust v. mistrust

Question 200

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

Lauren doesn’t steal from department stores because she wouldn’t want her friends to think of her as a thief.

Answer 200

conventional

Question 201

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

In order to avoid “time outs” in nursery school, Kevin does not steal toys from the other kids.

Answer 201

pre-conventional

Question 202

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

Sari feels it is her duty to vote in elections.

Answer 202

post-conventional

Question 203

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

Brycen does not drive faster than the speed limit because he would feel bad if he was caught BUT more importantly, it’s the law.

Answer 203

conventional

Question 204

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

Gretchen volunteers to help in the soup kitchen because she knows her name will be read at her church service the next week.

Answer 204

conventional

Question 205

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

Alex has personal doubts about the existing marijuana law; as an activist for the legalization of marijuana, she continues to smoke it.

Answer 205

post-conventional

Question 206

which stage of Kohlberg is described?

Ellie’s Aunt Beth brought candy for her; in return, she gives her a big hug.

Answer 206

conventional

Question 207

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage would observe the consistency in the Easter Bunny’s clothing (pastel suit, big ears) and his demeanor (happy).

Answer 207

pre-operational

Question 208

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage might feel frightened or curious. He/she might cry at this oddly dressed hairy guy with a funny voice or he/she might reach out and want to touch the ears and white fur.

Answer 208

sensorimotor

Question 209

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage might feel frightened or curious. He/she might cry at this oddly dressed hairy guy with a funny voice or he/she might reach out and want to touch the ears and white fur.

Answer 209

concrete operational

Question 210

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage might appreciate the cultural custom of the Easter Bunny. They enjoy the Easter Bunny as a symbol of seasonal celebration in keeping with their ability to understand abstract ideas. They recognize the importance of shared customs as a means of promoting closeness in their families and culture.

Answer 210

formal operational

Question 211

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage would observe a mass of pastel colors, a soft lap, and tickly whiskers.

Answer 211

sensorimotor

Question 212

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage would begin to think and question:

How can the Easter Bunny get to kids’ homes/yards all over the world in one night? Why does the Easter Bunny leave eggs?

Answer 212

concrete operational

Question 213

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage would believe in the physical reality of the Easter Bunny–that he travels the world hiding eggs and delivering baskets filled with candy to everyone’s homes.

Answer 213

pre-operational

Question 214

what stage of Piaget is being described?

For a child at this stage, belief in the Easter Bunny’s existence is not an issue because they have no existing organizing schema in which to put him in.

Answer 214

sensorimotor

Question 215

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage will feel disappointed at realizing that the Easter Bunny doesn’t exist; however, they may experience new fun in assisting younger siblings in continuing their belief in the Easter Bunny.

Answer 215

concrete operational

Question 216

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage thinks that an Easter Bunny has the ability to watch over them and determine who is naughty and nice—this encourages a child at this stage to behave. A child at this stage is excited about encounters with Easter Bunnies and may create obnoxiously long lists of wishes that he/she expects a Easter Bunny to fulfill via his or her Easter basket.

Answer 216

pre-operational

Question 217

what stage of Piaget is being described?

A child at this stage will no longer believe in Easter Bunnies, but may think it is important to continue the tradition because having developed conservation abilities will realize that the amount of chocolate and jelly beans will decrease if there is no “Easter Bunny” presents left in a basket.

Answer 217

concrete operational

Question 218

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Jill refuses to pay income taxes because she does not believe they are fair.

Answer 218

post-conventional

Question 219

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Linda feels it is her duty to vote in elections.

Answer 219

post-conventional

Question 220

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Karen doesn’t steal from department stores because she wouldn’t want her friends to think of her as a thief.

Answer 220

conventional

Question 221

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Hank does not drive faster than the speed limit because he would feel bad if he was caught BUT more importantly, it is the law.

Answer 221

conventional

Question 222

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

In order to avoid “time outs” in nursery school, Jim does not steal snacks from the other kids.

Answer 222

pre-conventional

Question 223

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Although Susie wants to hit her younger brother, she doesn’t because she knows her parents will yell at her and she doesn’t want that to happen.

Answer 223

pre-conventional

Question 224

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Jack’s Aunt Brenda brought candy for him; in return, he gives her a big hug.

Answer 224

conventional

Question 225

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Will rakes his neighbor’s leaves because he wants to be a helpful neighbor and he knows that they appreciate him doing it.

Answer 225

conventional

Question 226

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Cathy has personal doubts about the existing law, she doesn’t believe smoking marijuana should be illegal; as an activist for the legalization of this drug, she continues to smoke marijuana.

Answer 226

post-conventional

Question 227

which stage of Kohlberg is being described?

Haley volunteers to help in the soup kitchen because she knows her name will be read at her church service the next week. Haley desperately wants to feel accepted by her church group and believes her actions and acknowledgment will help.

Answer 227

conventional

Question 228

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Daniel doesn’t want to wear the pajamas his mother chose for him. Instead, he STRONGLY prefers last night’s (dirty) PJs! Daniel’s mom agrees and dresses him in his (dirty) PJ selection.

Answer 228

autonomy v. doubt

Question 229

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Samuel is tired of meeting women at parties, and bars, and dating lots of different people. Sure, it’s fun sometimes, but now he’d rather have one special person to settle down with and share his life.

Answer 229

intimacy v. isolation

Question 230

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Annie’s parents are doctors. Her grandparents are doctors. In fact, Annie’s parents have told her that after her high school graduation, they are looking forward to her entering the same college and medical school they attended. Annie waits for just the right time to announce her plans to travel to Europe after high school to pursue her interest in drawing and painting and to learn Italian.

Answer 230

identity v. role confusion

Question 231

which stage of Erikson is being described?

It’s Little League season and third-grader, Jonathan, can’t wait! Last spring he was on Junior Little League and every time he was at bat, he made a hit. He also caught three fly balls, and won the game for the team! Jonathan’s coaches, friends and parents are looking forward to Jonathan playing on the Little League team this season.

Answer 231

industry v. inferiority

Question 232

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Timmy’s mom pours him a bowl of Cheerios and milk. She directs him to go sit at the kitchen table. Timmy reaches for the bowl of Cheerios, announcing, “I carry it!” On the way to the table, lots of milk and cereal spill on the floor. Mom quietly cleans up the mess and thanks Timmy for his “help.”

Answer 232

initiative v. guilt

Question 233

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Baby Christopher’s mom feeds him every 3 or 4 hours, burps him, walks with him when he is fussy and makes sure he is dressed warmly every time he goes outside for a walk with her.

Answer 233

trust v. mistrust

Question 234

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Rosemary loves when her grandchildren visit. She proudly tells them of the great times she had with raising her family and making a nice home for everyone she loves. Sometimes, she wishes she went to college and worked outside the home as her husband did, but Rosemary says, “If I did that, I probably wouldn’t have had the time to enjoy such a beautiful family!”

Answer 234

integrity v. despair

Question 235

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Martin has been a very successful business man for nearly 25 years. His 3 children are reaching adulthood. Martin decides to start a small business that provides financial advising to young people who are just starting their careers.

Answer 235

generativity v. stagnation

Question 236

which stage of Erikson is being described?

Martin has been a very successful businessman for nearly 25 years. His 3 children are reaching adulthood. Martin decides to start a small business that provides financial advice to young people who are just starting their careers.

Answer 236

generativity v. stagnation

Question 237

what is the id?

Answer 237

operates on the pleasure principle. makes us do things for our benefit.

Question 238

what is the ego?

Answer 238

operates on the reality principle. makes us do things that are realistic and socially-acceptable. uses terms like however.

Question 239

what is the superego?

Answer 239

operates on a morality principle. uses defense mechanisms.

Question 240

the unconscious mind is…

Answer 240

not accessible

Question 241

On Black Friday, customers were so obsessed with getting a good deal that they shoved others out of their way and trampled them, not thinking twice about hurting people if it meant they could get what they wanted. What type of ego?

Answer 241

id

Question 242

The cashier only charged the couple for one meal even though they had eaten two. They could have gotten away with only paying for one, but they pointed out the cashier’s mistake and offered to pay for both meals. They wanted to be honest and they knew that the restaurant owner and employees needed to make a living. what type of ego?

Answer 242

superego

Question 243

Even though Michael needed money, he decided not to steal the money from the cash register because he didn’t want to get in trouble. what type of ego?

Answer 243

ego

Question 244

On the playground, two kids were making fun of Joseph because he wore glasses. John was tempted to join in so that he could make himself look good, but when he thought about how bad Joseph must already feel he knew that he couldn’t. what type of ego?

Answer 244

superego

Question 245

Hillary was so sweaty after her workout that she wanted to change her clothes right there by the car. However, she knew the other people around her would not approve, so she waited until she was in the restroom to change. what type of ego?

Answer 245

ego

Question 246

Bart was stuck in traffic. He just wanted his vehicle to move! Enraged at the situation, Bart pulled his car onto the shoulder and sped forward, not caring that he was clipping people’s side mirrors as he tried to get ahead of the cars in front of him. what type of ego?

Answer 246

id

Question 247

In line at the salad bar, Amy really wanted to shove a handful of croutons into her mouth. However, since her boss was there, she decided to wait another minute or two until she sat down to eat. what type of ego?

Answer 247

ego

Question 248

In line at the salad bar, Amy was so hungry that she shoved a handful of croutons in her mouth as she waited for the line to move. what type of ego?

Answer 248

id

Question 249

Tim really wanted to slug Mark for what he had just said. However, Tim knew if he hit Mark, he would be kicked off the baseball team, and since he loved baseball, he unclenched his fists and walked away. what type of ego?

Answer 249

ego

Question 250

Michael saw a $5 bill fall out of Nick’s backpack as he pulled his books out of his locker. As Nick walked away, Michael bent over, picked up the money, and slipped it into his pocket, glancing around to make sure no one was looking. what type of ego?

Answer 250

ego

Question 251

Mary really wanted to borrow her mom’s necklace but knew her mom would be angry if she took it without asking, so she asked her mom if she could wear it. what type of ego?

Answer 251

ego

Question 252

Maggie couldn’t remember the answer to test question #12, even though she had studied. Nate was the smartest kid in the class, and from where Maggie sat, she could see his answers if she turned her head slightly. When Mrs. Archer turned her back, Maggie almost cheated, but her conscience stopped her because she knew it was wrong. Instead, Maggie took a guess at the answer and then turned in her paper. what type of ego?

Answer 252

superego

Question 253

While away on business, Tom had many opportunities to be unfaithful to his wife. However, he knew the damage such behavior would have on his family, so made the decision to avoid the women who had expressed interest in him. what type of ego?

Answer 253

ego

Question 254

Will had worked hard all season to break the school record in cross-country. During his last race, he had the opportunity to cut a corner and therefore lower his time, because no officials were watching that part of the course. As much as he wanted to break the school record, Will knew he wouldn’t feel good about himself if he cheated, so he stuck to the course and ran as fast as he could. what type of ego?

Answer 254

superego

Question 255

Sally was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the server to refill her glass of water, she reached across the table and drank from Mr. Smith’s water glass, much to his surprise. what type of ego?

Answer 255

id

Question 256

what is repression?

Answer 256

unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious

Question 257

what is regression?

Answer 257

reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development

Question 258

what is denial?

Answer 258

refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking realities

Question 259

what is displacement?

Answer 259

redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target

Question 260

what is sublimation?

Answer 260

replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behavior

Question 261

what is reaction formation?

Answer 261

acting in exactly the opposite way to one’s unacceptable impulses

Question 262

what is projection?

Answer 262

attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself

Question 263

what is rationalization?

Answer 263

creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behavior.

Question 264

what is this an example of?

not remembering a traumatic incident in which you witnessed a crime.

Answer 264

repression

Question 265

what is this an example of?

throwing temper tantrums as an adult when you don’t get your way

Answer 265

regression

Question 266

what is this an example of?

refusing to accept evidence that your spouse is having an affair

Answer 266

denial

Question 267

what is this an example of?

taking your anger toward your boss out on your spouse or children by yelling at them and not your boss

Answer 267

displacement

Question 268

what is this an example of?

channeling aggressive drives into playing football or inappropriate sexual desires into art

Answer 268

sublimation

Question 269

what is this an example of?

being overprotective of and lavishing attention on an unwanted child

Answer 269

reaction formation

Question 270

what is this an example of?

accusing your boyfriend of cheating on you because you have felt like cheating on him

Answer 270

projection

Question 271

what is this an example of?

justifying cheating on an exam by saying that everyone else cheats

Answer 271

rationalization

Question 272

what is this an example of?

Even a top baseball player will sometimes strike out on an easy pitch. When this happens, his next action may be to throw his bat or kick the water cooler with all his might.

Answer 272

displacement

Question 273

what is this an example of?

Soldiers exposed to traumatic experiences in concentration camps during wartime sometimes had amnesia and were unable to recall any part of their ordeal.

Answer 273

repression

Question 274

what is this an example of?

The mother of an unwanted child may feel guilty about not welcoming her child. As a result, she may try to prove her love by becoming overindulgent and overprotective of the child.

Answer 274

reaction formation

Question 275

what is this an example of?

Mrs. Brown often accuses other women of talking too much and spreading rumors. It is rather obvious to those who know her that she is revealing her own inclinations in that area.

Answer 275

projection

Question 276

what is this an example of?

The habitual drinker may insist that he really doesn’t care much for the taste of alcohol but feels that he is obliged to drink with friends “just to be sociable.”

Answer 276

rationalization

Question 277

what is this an example of?

Mike is always trying to impress his pals with how strong and independent he has become. However, when Mike has social or emotional problems, he still wants his dad to figure out the solution.

Answer 277

regression

Question 278

what is this an example of?

A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry was scheduled for Friday. This seemed unusual as the date of the exam had been marked on his calendar for several weeks.

Answer 278

denial

Question 279

what is this an example of?

The individual who actually likes to have others do things for him may be quick to criticize other people for being dependent and lazy.

Answer 279

projection

Question 280

what is this an example of?

Tory is apt to become annoyed when he recalls his earlier conviction as a Peeping Tom. Tory has left his sordid past behind and now is a busy photographer for Playboy magazine.

Answer 280

sublimation

Question 281

what is this an example of?

The principal criticized the high school teacher for having a disruptive class. When the teacher got home that night, he argued with his wife and kicked the dog.

Answer 281

displacement

Question 282

what is this an example of?

A 6-year-old child, who gave up bed-wetting at the age of 3, moves with his parents to a new neighborhood. During the stressful period of adjusting to his new home, he again wets the bed for several nights.

Answer 282

regression

Question 283

what is this an example of?

Mr. Andrews carried around a letter in his coat pocket for weeks. The note that he somehow neglected to mail was an invitation to his mother-in-law to visit the family for several months.

Answer 283

denial

Question 284

what is this an example of?

Reformers may conduct campaigns against pornographic literature in order to fight their own erotic interest in such material. They campaign to convince others of their own purity and goodness.

Answer 284

reaction formation

Question 285

what is this an example of?

Margaret is convinced that she received a “C” in her chemistry class instead of an “A” because of widespread cheating by her fellow students. She is sure that she must be as capable in the chemistry course as in her other subjects.

Answer 285

rationalization

Question 286

what is this an example of?

The majority group of a culture may blame all the various ills of society on a small minority group. This is a process termed “scapegoating” and is a factor in racial and religious prejudice.

Answer 286

projection

Question 287

what is this an example of?

Sam’s girlfriend just broke up with him over Snapchat, making him very angry. Sam reacts by yelling at his dog.

Answer 287

displacement

Question 288

what is this an example of?

Julie has just failed her psychology class. She tells her friend, “I only failed because this is an impossibly difficult class.”

Answer 288

rationalization

Question 289

what is this an example of?

Mary walks into work in a very grumpy mood. The first person she meets is Jan, who looks up and says, “Hi.” Mary replies, “Boy you are in a lousy mood this morning.”

Answer 289

projection

Question 290

what is this an example of?

Sarah has just had a child she really did not want to have. She feels guilty about this and reacts by being overprotective of the child.

Answer 290

reaction formation

Question 291

what is this an example of?

Larry, a 50-year-old successful business executive, still calls his mother for consolation when things go wrong in order to feel better.

Answer 291

regression

Question 292

1st stage of Freud’s psychosexual development:

Answer 292

oral, from birth to 1 1/2 years old.

erogenous zone: mouth, lips, tongue
activity: biting, sucking, chewing

Question 293

2nd stage of Freud’s psychosexual development:

Answer 293

anal, from 1 1/2 to 3 years old.

erogenous zone: anus
activity: bowel retention and elimination

Question 294

3rd stage of Freud’s psychosexual development:

Answer 294

phallic, from 3 to 6 years.

erogenous zone: genitals
activity: genital stimulation, attraction to opposite-sex parent, and later identifying with the same-sex parent.

Question 295

4th stage of Freud’s psychosexual development:

Answer 295

latency, from 6 years to puberty

erogenous zone: none
activity: cognitive and social development.

Question 296

5th stage of Freud’s psychosexual development:

Answer 296

genital, puberty through adulthood

erogenous zone: genitals
activity: development of sexual relationships.

Question 297

what is the 1st (bottom) level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 297

physiological needs: need to satisfy hunger and thirst

Question 298

what is the 2nd level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 298

safety needs: need to feel safe, secure, and stable.

Question 299

what is the 3rd level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 299

belongingness and love needs: need to love and to be loved, to belong and be accepted.

Question 300

what is the 4th level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 300

esteem needs: need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence.

Question 301

what is the 5th level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 301

self-actualization needs: need to live up to one’s fullest unique potential

Question 302

according to Freud, the ____, the executive of the personality, is located ____.

Answer 302

ego; in all three levels of awareness

Question 303

a woman has unacceptable feelings of hatred toward her mother but lavishes attention and love on her. Freud would say this is an example of _____.

Answer 303

reaction formation

Question 304

which of the following non-Freudian theorists proposed “striving for superiority as the primary motivation for personality development?

Answer 304

Alfred Adler

Question 305

in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, ____ needs are at the bottom of the hierarchy, and _____ needs are at the top.

Answer 305

physiological; self-actualization

Question 306

in Roger’s self-theory, which of the following contributes greatly to one’s self-actualization?

Answer 306

unconditional positive regard

Question 307

which theoretical approach uses factor analysis to determine the number of factors necessary to describe human personality?

Answer 307

the trait approach

Question 308

what is one of Eysenck’s three personality factors that is not one of the “big 5”?

Answer 308

psychoticism

Question 309

which personality test uses true-false items and generates a profile of the test taker on 10 clinical scales?

Answer 309

MMPI-2

Question 310

according to social-cognitive personality theorists, what is least likely to lead to depression?

Answer 310

self-serving bias

Question 311

which is a trait dimension is one of the “big 5” personality dimension labels.

Answer 311

openness

Question 312

inferiority complex is to basic anxiety as _____ is to ______.

Answer 312

Adler; Horney

Question 313

Glenn’s room looks like a tornado hit it. he is incredibly messy. his car is filled with old pizza boxes, last month’s newspapers, and dirty laundry. According to Freud, Glenn is most likely fixated at the ______ stage.

Answer 313

anal

Question 314

what does OCEAN stand for?

Answer 314

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 315

A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous stimuli to which the test takers must respond about their perceptions of the stimuli is called _____.

Answer 315

projective test

Question 316

what is the foot-in-the-door compliance technique?

Answer 316

1st request: small
2nd request: larger
the major reason for compliance: consistency

Question 317

what is the door-in-the-face compliance technique?

Answer 317

1st request: large
2nd request: smaller
the major reason for compliance: reciprocity

Question 318

what is the low-ball compliance technique?

Answer 318

1st request: attractive
2nd request: less attractive
the major reason for compliance: consistency

Question 319

what is the that’s-not-all compliance technique?

Answer 319

1st request: attractive
2nd request: more attractive
the major reason for compliance: reciprocity

Question 320

define the psychological disorder:

After weeks of feeling dejected, despondent, and dissatisfied with his life, Fred has suddenly become euphoric and energetic. He talks constantly about his far-fetched plans for making huge amounts of money.

Answer 320

bipolar disorder

Question 321

define the psychological disorder:

Alanna worries about everything and can never relax. She is very jumpy, has trouble sleeping at night, and has a poor appetite. For the last few months, her anxiety has become so extreme that she is unable to concentrate at work and is in danger of losing her job.

Answer 321

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 322

define the psychological disorder:

Amy was admitted to the hospital after she appeared in an emergency room complaining that she was going to kill herself. She stated that her husband was killed in front of her 3 months ago during a holdup. Since then, Amy claims that she experiences flashbacks and is unable to sleep or concentrate. Unable to get Amy to discuss the details of her husband’s death, the social worker spoke to her sister. Amy sister informed the social worker that Amy had never been married, nor had she ever witnessed a murder. When confronted with this information, Amy became angry and left the hospital.

Answer 322

factitious disorder

Question 323

define the psychological disorder:

Bianca, a nineteen-year-old college student, has missed almost all her classes during the last month. She sleeps fourteen hours a day, has withdrawn from friends and family, feels worthless, and cries for no apparent reason.

Answer 323

major depressive disorder

Question 324

define the psychological disorder:

Carl cannot bear to be in small enclosed places, such as elevators, and goes to great lengths to avoid them. Recently he turned down a high-paying job with an air conditioning repair company because it involves working in crawl spaces.

Answer 324

claustrophobia

Question 325

define the psychological disorder:

Marcie believes that others are talking about her and actively plotting against her. She hears voices that tell her to carry a bow in her purse to protect herself.

Answer 325

paranoid schizophrenia

Question 326

define the psychological disorder:

Ever since going through a very painful divorce, Kayla has experienced a number of terrifying “spells” that seem to come out of nowhere. Her heart suddenly starts to pound, she begins to sweat and tremble, and she has trouble breathing.

Answer 326

panic disorder

Question 327

define the psychological disorder:

For as long as she can remember, Mary has felt negative about life. Although good things occasionally happen in Mary’s life, they have little impact on her gloomy mood. Mary functions adequately, but she has few friends because she is so pessimistic.

Answer 327

persistent depressive disorder

Question 328

define the psychological disorder:

Nancy speaks slowly and monotonously and has reduced emotional responsiveness and few expressive gestures. Her speech is limited to brief empty comments.

Answer 328

catatonic schizophrenia

Question 329

define the psychological disorder:

Harry disinfects his shoes, clothing, floor, and doorknobs with bleach several times a day. Nevertheless, he is tormented by worries that his apartment may be contaminated by germs from the outside. He doesn’t allow anyone to come into his apartment for fear they will contaminate his furniture and belongings.

Answer 329

obsessive-convulsive disorder

Question 330

define the psychological disorder:

Tyler said to his psychiatrist, “Today is infinity’s horseman,” and acted surprised that his therapist did not understand him completely. When a friend told him that he was sad because of a death in the family, Tyler responded by laughing hysterically.

Answer 330

disorganized schizophrenia

Question 331

define the psychological disorder:

Jay, a high school physics teacher in NYC, disappeared three days after his wife unexpectedly left him for another man. Six months later, he was discovered tending bar in Miami Beach. Calling himself Martin, he claimed to have no recollection of his past life and insisted that he had never been married.

Answer 331

dissociative fugue

Question 332

define the psychological disorder:

Marian and her brother were recently involved in an automobile accident. Marian was not seriously injured, but her brother was killed. Marian is unable to recall any details from the time of the accident until four days later.

Answer 332

dissociative amnesia

Question 333

define the psychological disorder:

Norma has frequent memory gaps and cannot account for her whereabouts during certain periods of time. After she expressed suicidal thoughts, her husband brought her to a community mental center. While being interviewed by a clinical psychologist, she began speaking in a childlike voice. She claimed that her name was Donna and that she was only six years old. Moments later, she seemed to revert to her adult voice and had no recollection of speaking in a childlike voice or claiming that her name was Donna.

Answer 333

dissociative identity disorder

Question 334

define the psychological disorder:

Sadie was brought into the hospital emergency room by her family who reported that she experienced a sudden onset of blindness. The family explained that Sadie had just discovered that her husband had been having an affair. She was arguing with her husband when she suddenly announced that she couldn’t see.

Answer 334

conversion disorder

Question 335

define the psychological disorder:

Since moving to Fairbanks, Alaska, five years ago, Joan has experienced episodes of depression during the fall and winter months.

Answer 335

seasonal affective disorder

Question 336

define the psychological disorder:

Thuan, a Vietnamese refugee, cannot stop thinking about the horrors he experienced while fleeing his country by boat. He sleeps poorly and is often awakened by terrifying nightmares.

Answer 336

post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 337

define the psychological disorder:

Walt has been chronically worried about his health for years. During his last doctor’s appointment, his blood pressure was slightly elevated, and the doctor suggested that he make an appointment to check it again in a month, but that he did not need medication. Despite the reassurance, Walt became convinced that he had hypertension and began to complain of vague chest pain.

Answer 337

hypochondriasis