Learning, Literature, and the Arts in the High Middle Ages

Question 1

why did the church want an educated clergy?

Answer 1

bc church authority gets challenged, so there need to be ppl that can justify church rules

Question 2

why did monarchs want literate men

Answer 2

to fit into bureaucracy. they dont wanna rely on church for edu.

Question 3

better educated = ?

Answer 3

better jobs

Question 4

social mobility def

Answer 4

ability to move up/down in social class

Question 5

who sponsored the growth of universities

Answer 5

middle class

Question 6

which social class missed out on education

Answer 6

nobles, they were too old fashioned. they became more dependent to the king

Question 7

(1100’s Europe) Improvements in agriculture lead to what?

Answer 7

reliable food supply

Question 8

(1100’s Europe) Growth of trade and towns (based on trade) lead to what?

Answer 8

increased prosperity → acquisition of wealth

Question 9

we know the rich got educated, but what about the poor?

Answer 9

poor focus on economic matters (job, begging, etc.)

Question 10

did the wealthy have tutors?

Answer 10

YEA!!!!!

Question 11

who did schools train in the 1100s

Answer 11

the clergy

Question 12

which cities had the 1st universities

Answer 12

Salerno and Bologna (Italy), Paris (France 😍) and Oxford (England)

Question 13

how harsh was student life back then

Answer 13

VERY HARSH

Question 14

what was the curriculum focusing on

Answer 14

liberal arts (arithmetic, ge*metry 🤢, astronomy, music, grammar, rhetoric, logic)

Question 15

what type of exams were held

Answer 15

oral

Question 16

Students expected to memorize what they….?

Answer 16

…heard. there wasnt note taking back then

Question 17

how long does it take to get a bachelor of arts (BA)?

Answer 17

3-6 years

Question 18

how long does it take to get a masters of arts (MA)?

Answer 18

several years after BA

Question 19

describe a schedule of a student

Answer 19

early prayer time, classes, lunch, classes, study

Question 20

who was banned from educated

Answer 20

NO EDUCATION FOR (most) G*RLS!!!!!!!!! BOYS ONLY 😎😎😎😎

Question 21

No education = ?

Answer 21

can’t be doctor, lawyer, administrator, etc.

Question 22

women were deprived of…

Answer 22

…mental stimulation

Question 23

knowledge used to be based on….

Answer 23

the church

Question 24

in classical learning, new ideas actually originated from where?

Answer 24

greece

Question 25

.... in Constantinople translated Greek thinkers’ works into Arabic

Answer 25

muslim scholars

Question 26

In Cordoba/Spain, (1).... translated it into Latin, letting the knowledge spread into (2)....

Answer 26

(1) Jewish scholars, (2) Western Europe

Question 27

what was the universal language of scholars

Answer 27

Latin

Question 28

T or F: Christian scholars struggled with the conflict between faith and reason to understand truths

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Scholastics def

Answer 29

christian scholars

Question 30

who did scholastics study from

Answer 30

from Averroes (Muslim philosopher) and Maimonides (jewish rabbi) about scholasticism

Question 31

Scholasticism def

Answer 31

christians using logic to make religion make sense

Question 32

2 Thomas Aquinas ideas and contributions

Answer 32

- Examined Christian teachings w/ logic - “Faith and reason exist in harmony”, both lead to same truth

Question 33

what were the sources of scientific knowledge in medieval europe

Answer 33

Byzantine Empire and Muslim Spain

Question 34

Christian scholars studied medicine and geometry from who

Answer 34

Arab scientists

Question 35

why did science make little progress in the middle ages

Answer 35

b/c the knowledge had to fit with the church

Question 36

europe adopted which numerals

Answer 36

hindu-arabic

Question 37

what did the hindu-arabic system have that increased scientific advances

Answer 37

numerical value of zero

Question 38

where did scientific method come from

Answer 38

middle east

Question 39

what does the church try in the 1600s

Answer 39

be main source of knowledge

Question 40

vernacular def

Answer 40

everyday languages of ppl (French, German, Italian, English, Spanish). includes slang

Question 41

contributions of vernacular

Answer 41

Nation states began to form, more ppl become literate Solidifed national identity

Question 42

epic tales

Answer 42

Long poems abt warriors and common ppl

Question 43

Rowan and his team helps to attack Muslims, letting rest of army cross. what values are here

Answer 43

Loyalty Duty Sacrifice

Question 44

Poem of Sid - Christians driving Muslims out of Spain. what themes are here

Answer 44

Concept of loyalty Duty Conflict Elsid has trouble deciding who his loyalty belongs to

Question 45

Dante’s Divine Comedy story and impact?

Answer 45

Italian poet Dante Alighieri writes poem describing hell and heaven and purgatory -Summarizes Christian ethics and highlights how actions in dunya determine your akhira -Examines religion in trilogy, identifies religious and political figures -Critiszes them through comedy Causes controversy, ends up getting kicked out

Question 46

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales summary and impact

Answer 46

Geoffrey Chaucer goes on a pilgrimage with Englishmen to Thomas Becket’s tomb. theres a wide range of character telling stories of common ppl at that period

Question 47

what were cathedrals symbols of

Answer 47

wealth and religious devotion. made of stone and reflected artistic themes and culture

Question 48

year 1000 romanesque stone churches were built, reflecting...

Answer 48

roman influence

Question 49

what was the key feature of romanesque cathedrals

Answer 49

arches

Question 50

what was used to construct the cathedrals

Answer 50

creativity and physics

Question 51

Romanesque used to refer to the .... cathedrals

Answer 51

earliest

Question 52

what were flying buttresses

Answer 52

stone supports for the church, Let builders build higher walls and leave room for windows

Question 53

features of gothic churches

Answer 53

Graceful spires - Lofty ceilings - Big windows of stained glass, weakening structure - Thinner walls - Pointed arch distributed weight for better support

Question 54

what were some themes in art (paintings, sculptures, stained glass...)

Answer 54

- biblical scenes - ordinary life - nature - mythical creatures

Question 55

illumination def

Answer 55

artistic decor. of books

Question 56

when was gothic style applied to paintings

Answer 56

1300-1400s

Question 57

books of hours def

Answer 57

Prayer books

Question 58

what were illuminated manuscripts decorated w

Answer 58

towns, castles, knights, ladies in gardens/banquets, and peasants in fields

Question 59

what did illuminated manuscripts have

Answer 59

Featured designs and mini paintings of biblical scenes and daily life