Learning, Literature, and the Arts in the High Middle Ages Flashcards
why did the church want an educated clergy?
bc church authority gets challenged, so there need to be ppl that can justify church rules
why did monarchs want literate men
to fit into bureaucracy. they dont wanna rely on church for edu.
better educated = ?
better jobs
social mobility def
ability to move up/down in social class
who sponsored the growth of universities
middle class
which social class missed out on education
nobles, they were too old fashioned. they became more dependent to the king
(1100’s Europe) Improvements in agriculture lead to what?
reliable food supply
(1100’s Europe) Growth of trade and towns (based on trade) lead to what?
increased prosperity → acquisition of wealth
we know the rich got educated, but what about the poor?
poor focus on economic matters (job, begging, etc.)
did the wealthy have tutors?
YEA!!!!!
who did schools train in the 1100s
the clergy
which cities had the 1st universities
Salerno and Bologna (Italy), Paris (France 😍) and Oxford (England)
how harsh was student life back then
VERY HARSH
what was the curriculum focusing on
liberal arts (arithmetic, ge*metry 🤢, astronomy, music, grammar, rhetoric, logic)
what type of exams were held
oral
Students expected to memorize what they….?
…heard. there wasnt note taking back then
how long does it take to get a bachelor of arts (BA)?
3-6 years
how long does it take to get a masters of arts (MA)?
several years after BA
describe a schedule of a student
early prayer time, classes, lunch, classes, study
who was banned from educated
NO EDUCATION FOR (most) G*RLS!!!!!!!!! BOYS ONLY 😎😎😎😎
No education = ?
can’t be doctor, lawyer, administrator, etc.
women were deprived of…
…mental stimulation
knowledge used to be based on….
the church
in classical learning, new ideas actually originated from where?
greece
…. in Constantinople translated Greek thinkers’ works into Arabic
muslim scholars
In Cordoba/Spain, (1)…. translated it into Latin, letting the knowledge spread into (2)….
(1) Jewish scholars, (2) Western Europe
what was the universal language of scholars
Latin
T or F: Christian scholars struggled with the conflict between faith and reason to understand truths
true
Scholastics def
christian scholars
who did scholastics study from
from Averroes (Muslim philosopher) and Maimonides (jewish rabbi) about scholasticism
Scholasticism def
christians using logic to make religion make sense
2 Thomas Aquinas ideas and contributions
- Examined Christian teachings w/ logic
- “Faith and reason exist in harmony”, both lead to same truth
what were the sources of scientific knowledge in medieval europe
Byzantine Empire and Muslim Spain
Christian scholars studied medicine and geometry from who
Arab scientists
why did science make little progress in the middle ages
b/c the knowledge had to fit with the church
europe adopted which numerals
hindu-arabic
what did the hindu-arabic system have that increased scientific advances
numerical value of zero
where did scientific method come from
middle east
what does the church try in the 1600s
be main source of knowledge
vernacular def
everyday languages of ppl (French, German, Italian, English, Spanish). includes slang
contributions of vernacular
Nation states began to form, more ppl become literate
Solidifed national identity
epic tales
Long poems abt warriors and common ppl
Rowan and his team helps to attack Muslims, letting rest of army cross. what values are here
Loyalty
Duty
Sacrifice
Poem of Sid - Christians driving Muslims out of Spain. what themes are here
Concept of loyalty
Duty
Conflict
Elsid has trouble deciding who his loyalty belongs to
Dante’s Divine Comedy story and impact?
Italian poet Dante Alighieri writes poem describing hell and heaven and purgatory
-Summarizes Christian ethics and highlights how actions in dunya determine your akhira
-Examines religion in trilogy, identifies religious and political figures
-Critiszes them through comedy
Causes controversy, ends up getting kicked out
Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales summary and impact
Geoffrey Chaucer goes on a pilgrimage with Englishmen to Thomas Becket’s tomb. theres a wide range of character telling stories of common ppl at that period
what were cathedrals symbols of
wealth and religious devotion. made of stone and reflected artistic themes and culture
year 1000 romanesque stone churches were built, reflecting…
roman influence
what was the key feature of romanesque cathedrals
arches
what was used to construct the cathedrals
creativity and physics
Romanesque used to refer to the …. cathedrals
earliest
what were flying buttresses
stone supports for the church, Let builders build higher walls and leave room for windows
features of gothic churches
Graceful spires
- Lofty ceilings
- Big windows of stained glass, weakening structure
- Thinner walls
- Pointed arch distributed weight for better support
what were some themes in art (paintings, sculptures, stained glass…)
- biblical scenes
- ordinary life
- nature
- mythical creatures
illumination def
artistic decor. of books
when was gothic style applied to paintings
1300-1400s
books of hours def
Prayer books
what were illuminated manuscripts decorated w
towns, castles, knights, ladies in gardens/banquets, and peasants in fields
what did illuminated manuscripts have
Featured designs and mini paintings of biblical scenes and daily life
