Europeans Look Outward Flashcards
Alexius I
Byzantine Emperor. he requested pope urban II to help fight off turks
Pope Urban II
head of catholic church
why crusades for peasants?
Religious devotion (Dying in crusades gets you to heaven, taking the vow gets your sins forgiven)
Escape troubles @ home
Adventure
Glory (can tell stories)
Wealth
why crusade for knight
Religious devotion
A title
Wealth
Land/Fief
Escape troubles @ home
Adventure
glory
appeal toward journey
why crusade 4 pope
Increase European power
Heal the schism between Roman and Byzantine churches
Crusades would make Christains fight Muslims instead of each other
schism def
split/division
1st crusade success or no? and victims
only successful one. muslim, jewish, christian residents massacred.
(1099) what can the capture of jerusalem be called
jerusalem captured. one of the atrocities of history, crusaders got “blood rage”
how many sections were Mediterranean states divided into
4
what were the Mediterranean states called
crusader states
what did crusader states recreate
Recreate feudal system of Europe in Middle East
Knights, castles, etc.
2nd crusade
Series of Crusades were launched to counter Muslims, expand territory to Egypt (failed)
Salah al-Din
Salah al-Din (Saladin), able Muslim leader takes over Jerusalem for the Muslims in 1187
how did Salah al-Din recapture Jerusalem
he united Islamic world then lured crusaders out to desert and burned them
3rd crusade cause and result of negociation
cause: salah ud-din capturing jerusalem
Europeans tried and failed to recapture, but city got opened to christian pilgrims after negociation
4th crusade
Constantinople was captured and looted by Byzantine in 1204
crusaders fought christians instead of muslims
Muslims overran crusader states
effect: Shatters relationship between Byzantine and Roman
1291 Muslims captured last Christian outpost in port city of…
Acre
holy grail def
cup Jesus drank from in Last Supper
effects of the crusades on europe
Speeds up making of nation states, Taxation of ppl more effective, magna carta put into effect (politically)
Speeds up decline of Church, ppl become less ignorant, worldview changes (Socially)
Expansion of European money economy, trade, export (economically)
cities that benefit from trade
Venice
Jenoa
Milan
Florence
post crusade atrocities
Atrocities committed by both Muslims and Christians to each other in the name of religion, religious hate
jews massacured by church
byzantine and roman divide worsen
levy defintion
to collect taxes
1271 - story of marco polo
Venetian Marco Polo went to China w/ his father and uncle, wrote stories on culture, wealth, inventions even when ppl didnt believe
The Reconquista in english
the reconquest
