Growth of Royal Power in England and France

Question 1

4 changes in high middle ages

Answer 1

crusades
economic restoration
church power rises
nation states form

Question 2

how did nation states develop and in what country

Answer 2

Develop out of tradition (Engl*nd 🇬🇧)

Powerful nobles hold on to power forever, get crushed by kings (France 🇫🇷💖)

central Europe–Italy 🇮🇹 not centralized enough to form society until 1700-1800s

Question 3

what was the struggle between monarchs, nobles, and church abt? and contribution

Answer 3

about power.

Struggles lead to development of modern European state

Monarchs rise, nobles fizz out, Church is diminished

Question 4

power of feudal monarchs was ____. they relied on ____ for ____

Answer 4

limited
vassals
miliary support

Question 5

monarchs’ POLITICAL means to centralize power

Answer 5

expanded royal domain

forced nobles to accept monarchs as liege lord

royal justice system

government bureaucracy

standing army

Question 6

monarchs’ ECONOMIC means to centralize power

Answer 6

system of taxes

strengthened ties w/ middle class

Question 7

monarchs’ SOCIAL means to centralize power

Answer 7

strengthened ties w/ middle class

Question 8

Duke William of Normandy/William the Conquerer contribution

Answer 8

Gave fiefs to church

Removed Saxon pwr, replaced w barons (french Norman lords)

Built system of castles/fortifications throughout Engl*nd - offensive constructions,
military bases

The Domesday Book enabling tax system

The Royal Exchequer - treasury for tax collecting

united English nation under bureaucracy

Question 9

The Domesday Book

Answer 9

census authorized by william to learn abt his kingdom

listed every castle, field, and pigpen. Even how many bushels of wheat/year

domesday symbolizes how its inevitable like doomsday

Question 10

Battle of Hastings in 1066 who fought, why, and who won and how

Answer 10

William VS Harold on who’s emperor

william defeated saxon harold by winning backing of pope and sailing across english channel. with the support of norman knights, he massacured the english

Question 11

Blending of Norman French and Anglo-Saxons…

Answer 11

Customs
○ Languages
○ Traditions

Question 12

royal exchequer, why, included what, contribution

Answer 12

William’s successors increase royal authority
● Created royal exchequer (treasury) for tax collecting
○ Included fees, fines, etc.
Gave england small advantage for a while

Question 13

henry ii

Answer 13

Greatest contribution: Broadened system of royal justice,

found ways to
expand mandatory customs into law
○
Unified legal system

he made common law and jury system

Question 14

common law def and what it has

Answer 14

— Legal system based on custom and court rulings

has criteria of whats innocent, whats guilty, what punishments should
be given, basic laws that apply to everyone

applied to all of england

Question 15

jury

Answer 15

group of local officials who swear to speak the truth

juries determined which cases should be put on trial, not who’s innocent

Question 16

thomas becket’s conflict with henry ii

Answer 16

henry tried to make royal law apply to church too, thomas disagreed

● Henry complained out loud, causing 4 knights to Murder Becket in
Canterbury Cathedral

Question 17

thomas becket

Answer 17

archbishop of centerbury

Question 18

richard i story

Answer 18

son of henry and eleanor

he left for crusade, leaving john in charge

got held for ransom

went to france to expand land, dies of disease

Question 19

king john’s origin story

Answer 19

King Richard leaves for crusade, leaves John in charge
● Taxes ppl ruthlessly to fund crusade, live lavishly, and pay for Richard’s ransom (he
kept the $$)
● RICHARD 󰏅GOT HELD FOR RANSOM, Eleanor has to pay
● Richard goes to France to expand land, dies of disease, leaving John in charge
○ Silly richard

Question 20

king john enemies

Answer 20

French King Philip II
2. Pope Innocent III
3. His own English nobles

Question 21

king john “contribution”

Answer 21

got kingdom interdicted for rejecting pope’s selection on archbishop

angered his own nobles

lost war with philip ii, lost english land

forced to sign magna carta (later breaks it)

Question 22

The Magna Carta rules

Answer 22

Long list of feudal rights
● Protected barons’ privileges
● Recognized legal rights of townsppl and Church
Protected every freeman from arbitrary (random) arrest
No raising taxes without consent of the nobles and clergy

Question 23

magna carta 2 main ideas and effect

Answer 23

1. Asserted that nobles had rights
2. Monarch must obey law

effect: shaped government traditions in England

Question 24

Due process of law

Answer 24

laws apply to everyone, everyone has right to live ordinary life (marriage, work, kids, etc)

Question 25

Power of the Purse def and use

Answer 25

The right to approve any new taxes
● Parliament could make the monarch meet its demands before voting for
taxes
○ Limits monarch power
● Blackmail against king often used 4 power to nobles

Question 26

The Great Council, def, history, and rules

Answer 26

source of advice 4 king
Later known as Privy Council (private council)
● Must approve taxes and certain laws
● Evolved into Parliament in 1200s

Question 27

Edward I contribution

Answer 27

summoned Parliament to approve taxes for a war with France

Had representatives of “common ppl” (knights and representatives) join the lords and clergys, giving non-nobles a voice

Question 28

the model parliament def, contribution and 2 groups

Answer 28

assembly of non-nobles for king

Contributions: Set up framework for England’s legislature

● Two different groups:
1. House of Lords with nobles
2. House of Commons with knights and middle-class citizens

Question 29

parliament gained crucial.. ___

Answer 29

power of the purse

Question 30

The Capetian Kings def and 7 contribution

Answer 30

feudal noble dynastly starting with hugh capet

● Throne became hereditary
put nobles against each other
won church support
gov bureaucracy
collected taxes
imposed royal laws
gained support of townsppl

Question 31

hugh capet origin story and contribution

Answer 31

count of paris

elected by nobles assuming he was too weak to affect them, only for royal pwr to increase

Question 32

reforms of philip ii/ philip augustus

Answer 32

Paid middle class to fill gov. positions instead of nobles

Granted charters to new towns

Introduced national tax system
● Organized standing army
● Quadrupled royal land holdings w/ constant victories
● Took over Normandy, Anjou, southern France, etc.
● Suppressed heresy in Albigensian
greatly increased size of france

Question 33

impact of Louis IX/St. Louis

Answer 33

Improved royal government, centralizes monarchy

Sent royal officials to check on local rulers
○ Expanded royal courts

Outlawed private wars

■ Ensured justice

○ created an efficient
centralized monarchy

○ Created a sense of nationalism among the people of France
■ Common identity

Question 34

Philip IV and conflict with the Pope

Answer 34

philip tried to collect taxes from clergy bc treasury was bankrupt

Pope forbade Philip 󰏃to tax clergy w/o papel consent, leading to clash with Pope Boniface VIII

Sent forces to seize Boniface
○ Beat pope to death

because of this, the next pope would be french and reside in france

Question 35

The Avignon Papacy def and contribution

Answer 35

Period of time where popes resided in Avignon instead of Rome b/c of the
political state in the nation

▪ Ensured the French king’s authority over the Pope and the Church

Question 36

The Estates General

Answer 36

Supposed to provides advice and support to king but had no pwr

Question 37

3 estates/classes in estates general

Answer 37

1st Estate — High Clergy
2nd Estate — Nobles
3rd Estate — Bourgeoisie (burg-wa-zee)
● Middle Class/Townsppl