Learning Environments and Prompting/Error Correction

Question 1

Skill acquisition teaching procedures

Answer 1

1. Discrete trial teaching (DTT)
2. Natural Environment Teaching (NET)
3. Chaining
   -forward
   -backward
   -total task presentation

Question 2

Discrete trial teaching (DTT)

Answer 2

-a structured teaching environment
-presents Series of discrete trials
-typically takes place at a table

Question 3

Components of a discrete trial

Answer 3

1. Instruction (discriminative stimulus-sD)
2. Response
3. Feedback
4. Pause

Question 4

When delivering your sD

Answer 4

-phrase as instruction not a question
-be clear and concise
-avoid phrasing as option
-be aware of clients skill set/not too many or too few words

Question 5

Steps in DTT

Answer 5

Step 1) Present Instruction/sD
Step 2) Wait for response from client
Step 3) Consequence…
3a) correct reponse=reinforcement
3b) incorrect response = reset/represent sD

Question 6

Natural Environment Teaching (NET)

Answer 6

-incidental teaching
-less structured
-discrete trials embedded in play with a natural reinforcer

Question 7

Task analysis

Answer 7

Breaking down complex skills into smaller, teachable units

E.g. washing hands
-turn on water
-wet hands
-get soap
-scrub hands
-rinse hands
-turn water off
-dry hands

Question 8

Chaining

Answer 8

A linked sequence of responses leading to a terminal outcome (completion of one step signals the start of the next)

Question 9

Foreward chaining

Answer 9

Behaviors are linked starting with the FIRST step
-complete first step
-practice first step mastery
-complete next step
-practice next step mastery
-repeat until all steps mastered

Question 10

Backwards chaining

Answer 10

Behaviors are linked starting with the LAST step
-complete all steps for child except last step
-practice last step to mastery
-complete all steps except last 2 steps
-practice second to last step
-repeat until they can do all steps

Question 11

Total task presentation

Answer 11

-All steps presented and taught simultaneously
-used when client typically has most steps already mastered

Question 12

Prompting

Answer 12

A supplemental antecedent stimulus that -increased likelihood of a particular response
-assistance provided to learner to engage in correct response
-implented in early stages of teaching a new skill

Question 13

Different levels of prompting

Answer 13

-full physical
-partial physical
-modeling
-gestural
-full verbal
-partial verbal
-visual/positional

Question 14

Prompt instrusiveness

Answer 14

Least-to-most: allow for more opportunities for independent responding
Most-to-least: ensures fewer incorrect responses

Question 15

Prompt delay

Answer 15

Give client chance to respond independently before going in eith prompt

Question 16

Prompt fading

Answer 16

Removal and transfer of stimulus control

Question 17

Prompt fading strategies: time delay

Answer 17

Waiting 3-5 sec for learner to respond independently before going in with prompt

Question 18

Prompt fading strategies: graduated guidance

Answer 18

Fading intensity of prompt as much as possible throughout the exercise

Question 19

Prompt fading strategies: stimulus fading

Answer 19

Reducing some exaggerated feature of the prompt to something more subtle