Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Learning Disabilties > Flashcards

Learning Disabilties Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals with disabiltiies education act (IDEA)

A

Mandates the provision of free and appropriate public school education for students with a disability that adversely affects academic performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Individualized education program (IEP)

A

Legal documentation for children who need special educations
- individual schools may vary slightly with their program however all schools must follow the basic outline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

504 plan

A

A guide for how a student will receive academic accommodations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

Characterized by impairment in social communication and interaction. In addition, must take part in restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior/interests or activities

  • usually early onset <10 yrs
  • is associated with larger cranium and/or brain

*may or may not show language impairment and may or may not show with intellectual disability *

may also show above average abilities in one or two specific skills, but be stunted in social/communication skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Levels of ASD

A

Level 1 = requiring support

Level 2 = requires substantial support

Level 3 = requiring very substantial support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Onset is always before 12 yrs old

Requires at least 6 months of documented limited attention span and/or poor impulse control

Presents with any of the following in at least 2 different settings

  • hyperactivity
  • impulsivity
  • inattention

there is NO intellectual disability, however will look one since school-performance is affected

very commonly associated with oppositional defiant disorders

Treatment =

  • stimulants (methylphenidate) are 1st line
  • may add CBT on as well
  • second line = atomoxetine, guanfacine and Clonidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sub categories of ADHD

A

1) Predominantly inattentive presentation
- daydreams and is stuck in their own head

2) Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
- does not day dream and instead acts often and is overactive

3) Combined presentation
- mix of 1 and 2

4) unspecified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Categories of motor disorders

A

Developmental coordination disorder
- delay in coordinated movements or motor skills

Stereotypic movement disorder
- produces repetitive, purposeless movements chronically

Motor or vocal tics (not together, this is Tourette’s)

Tourette’s disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

Onset is always before 18 yrs. characterized by sudden, recurrent, non rhythmic stereotyped motor and vocal tics
- must persistent greater than 1 year

may present with coprolalia (involuntary obscene vocal tics) but is not required

highly associated with OCD and ADHD

Treatment:

  • must use psychotherapy or/CBT
  • high potency antipsychotics/ atypical antipsychotics (ONLY for intractable and distressing tics)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prevalence of specific learning disorders among kids and adults

A

5-15% = kids

4% = adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are learning disabilities more common in males of females?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the most common comorbidities associated with specific learning disorder?

A

ADHD

Autism

depression

Bipolar

Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to diagnosis specific learning disorders

A

Determined by achievement test results that are lower than would be expected for ones age/schooling and IQ

  • a discrepancy of 2 or more standard deviations between IQ/age/schooling averages is diagnostic for specific learning disorder*
  • 5% of the recorded data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Old school way on how to measure IQ

A

(Mental age/ Chronological age) x 100

Isn’t the up to date ready to measure it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gardner’s 8 areas of intelligence

A

1) musical-rhythmic and harmonic
2) visual-spatial
3) verbal-linguistic
4) logical-mathematical
5) bodily-kinesthetic
6) interpersonal
7) intrapersonal
8) naturalistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of IQ tests

A

Welchsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

Weschsler intelligence scale for children (WISC)

Stanford-Binet intelligence scales (SB5)

17
Q

Range descriptors for IQ

A

130+ = extremely high

120-129 = very high

110-119 = high average

90-109 = average

90-89 = low average

70-79 = borderline/very low

69 and lower = extremely low

18
Q

What is the major concern with IQ testing?

A

Promotes cultural bias

19
Q

Achievement testing vs intelligence testing

A

Is still a hot topic however the distinction is often made behind what each emphasizes

Achievement testing = ability acquired though formal learning/training

Intelligence testing = innate potential

20
Q

General learning vs specific learning problems

A

Specific = when specific defects in processing information efficiently/accurately

General = broad defects in processing information efficiently/accurately

21
Q

Compensatory strategies

A

Are used by Individuals who sustain apparently high/adequate academic functioning until learning demands/assessment procedures pose barriers to demonstrate learning
- most common example is patient does very well with reorganized classes or given more time to read a book/paper, however once they have to take a standardized test, they bomb the fuck out of it.

22
Q

8 areas of specific learning disability specific only to the IDEIA (NOT DSM-5)

A

Basic Reading Skills (BRS)

Reading Comprehension (RC)

Reading Fluency (RF)

Math Calculation (MC)

Math Problem Solving (MPS)

Written Expression (WE)

Oral Expression (OE)

Listening Comprehension (LC)

23
Q

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for specific learning disorder

A

Onset during school-age years. Inability to acquire or use information from a specific subject near age-expected proficiency for at least 6 months despite focused intervention

Needs one of the following symptoms:

  • inaccurate/slow reading
  • difficulty understanding meaning of read words
  • difficulty with spelling
  • difficulty with written expression
  • difficulty in mastering math/calculations
  • difficulty in mathematical reasoning

general functioning and intelligence are NORMAL

Treatment = academic support, counseling, extracurricular activities

24
Q

Dyslexia

A

Individuals have difficulty connecting letters they see on a page with the sounds they make.

  • results in slow, effortful and non-fluent process
  • difficulties reading and mild writing sometimes

DOESN’T have to show backwards-writing and even if they do IT IS NOT DIAGNOSTIC

25
Q

Dysgraphia

A

Difficulty putting ones thoughts into written language

- difficulty spelling/grammar/punctuation/handwriting

26
Q

Dyscalculia

A

Difficulties learning number related concepts or using symbols and functions to perform math
- results in issues with number sense, memorizing math facts, math calculations or math problem solving

27
Q

“MARC”

A

Simple academic interventions for learning disabilities

Modification: change content of material

Accommodation: changes conditions where learning occurs

Remediation: intervention designed to improve deficits

Compensation: bypass or minimize deficits

Mental Health (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions