learning disability psychiatry

Question 1

define a learning disability (value plus 2 points)

Answer 1

IQ <70

impairment in social and adaptive functioning

onset before 18 yo
-after 18 brain is mature and injuries affect it differently

Question 2

three facets of learning disability 3

Answer 2

reduced abilty to understand new or complex info or learn new skills

reduced ability to cope independently

condition which started before adulthood (<18) with a lasting effect on the individuals development

Question 3

state the four classifications of learning disability by IQ and the age equivalent

Answer 3

mild
IQ- 50-69
Age equivalent- 9-12

moderate
IQ- 35-49
Age equivalent 6-9

severe
IQ- 20-34
Age equivalent 3-6

Profound
IQ- <20
Age equivalent <3

Question 4

prevalence of learning disability
and the indidence of the different IQ groups

Answer 4

2% of population
-increasing annually

75% mild
20% moderate
3-4% severe
1-2% profound

Question 5

causes of learning disability 4

Answer 5

genetic
-eg Downs, PKU, fragile X

infective
-antenatal- rubella
-postnatla- meningitis, encephalitis

trauma
eg birth asphyxia, head trauma

Question 6

mental health risks with learning disability 5

Answer 6

increased prevalence of:
-depression
-schizophrenia- 3x
-anxiety
-delirium and dementia (with earlier onset)
-ADHD (in children and adults)

Question 7

examples of challenging behviour in learning disability 3
-what is this often a sign of 3

Answer 7

examples
-self-iinjurious behaviours
-physcial agression
-damage to property

often sign of underlying problem
-physical- pain, consitpation, illess
-mental illnes- depression, psychosis
-enviromental change- change in carer

Question 8

define theory of mind and what it is associated with

Answer 8

-ability to interpret what other peoples think and feel

assoc w ASD

Question 9

main differnece in ASD and aspergers

Answer 9

aspergers do not have developmental delay

Question 10

common physical health problems in people iwth learning disability

Answer 10

epilepsy- 20-50% of pop

GORD

constipation

hearing and vision impairment

others:
-heart abnormalites
-endocrine problems

Question 11

health inequalities in people with learning disability

Answer 11

social exclusion

socioeconmic deprivation

inaccessible services

discrimination

challenges to communication

lack of appropriate knowledge and skills of professionals

Question 12

how to manage communication difficulties in people with learning disability 5

Answer 12

find out how they communicate best

focus on dinvidual and use their name

speak at their developmental level and pace

use simple terms and short sentence
s

consider- sign language, symbols and pictures