Anxiety disorders Flashcards
physical syx of anxiety disorders 5
sweating
chest pain
tremors
dizziness
irritabiltity
Nausea or diarrhoea
chills/hot flashes
chest pain
arrousal syx of anxiety disorders 3
sweating
dry mouth
difficulty swallowing
psychological syx of anxiety disorders
restlessess
sense of dread
feeling on edge
difficulty concentrating
easily distracted
fear of losing control/dying
define anxiety disorders
a preoccupation with or persistent avoidance of thoughts and situations that provoke fear or anxiety
incidence of anxiety disorders
at least 15 of adult population affected in UK at anytime
25/30% of GP consultations
more common than any other form of mental disorders
high comorbidity among different anxiety disorders
-high levels of comorbidity between anxiety and depression
social and demographic factors for anxiety disorders
3:2 ratio M:F
varies with income and educational attainment
can be triggered by life events either good or bad
major life event- trigger previously stable individual
minor life events- only in predisposed
aetiology of anxiety disorders 3
biological
-genetic
psycholgoical
-childhood factors
-vulernable personality
social
-lack of support
state some common anxiety disorders 6
specific phobias
generalised anxiety disorder
panic disorder
OCD
PTSD
somatoform and dissociative disorders
define specific phobias with regards to anxiety disorders
anxiety proboked by specific situations or objects which are perceived more dangerous then they actually are
have anticipatory anxiety and avoidance
when is tupical onset for specific phobias
usually in childhood
what are specific phobias commonly associated with anxiety disorders
panic attacks
how is the seriousness of specific phobias identtified
how easy the feared object is to avoid
main treatemnt for sepcific phobias
exposure therapy
what are the components of exposure therapy 4
1- phboic learning hisotry
-create new learning history
2-stimulus exposure> anxiety> relaxation> decreased anxiety
3-fear & avoidance hierarchy (FAH)
4- Subjective units of distress scale (SUDS)
define social phobia
shyness
-fear of performace failurue and fear of negative evaluation
common situations
-public speaking
-eating in public
-general social interactions
syx of social phobiaa
blushing
muscle twitching
anxity about scrutiny
when does social phobia typically begin
late adolesence early adulthood
what can be asssoicated with social phobias
can use alchol to boost ocnifence- so higher rates of alcohol misuse
-associated with avoidant personality traits
treatment for social phobias 3
treatment of choice- CBT
can use SSRIs and MAOIs
short term:
-benzos
-propanolol
what does generalised anxiety disorder encompasses 2
free floating anxiety
often with:
-panic disorder
clincal presentaiton of generalised anxiety disorder 4
anixety free floating
-not restricted to any circumstances
-irrational worries
motor tension
autonomic overactivity
drug managemnt of generalised anxiety disorder 6
benzos
SSRIs
beta blockers
mirtazapine
venlafaxine
duloxetine
nondrug management of generalised anxiety disorder 4
relaxation training
exposure therpay
CBT
physical excersise
clinical presentaion of panic disorder 3
several severe attacks of autonomic anxiety within a month
fear of death/suffication
urgent desire to flee
drug managemnt of panic disorder 1
SSRIs
benzos- not recommended
nondrug mangemnt of panic disorder 3
CBT
anxiety mangement
relaxation training
define agoraphobia
aniexty manifested by psychological and autonomic symptoms
anexity restricted to at least 2 of:
-crowds
-public places
-leaving home
who gets agoraphobia 2
significants more women
early or middle 20s further peak mid 30s
how gets panic disorders 3
slightly more women
bimodal peak-= late adolescene and mid 3-s
comobird w other mental disorders
how does agoraphobia typicallty start 1
2/3 typically have a panic attack at start of illness
treatement for agrophobia 4
SSRIs
anxiolytics
CBT
behaviour therapy
define PTSD
delayed and protracted repsonse to a stressful event/situation of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature
when does PTSD typically begin
within 6 months of trauma
syx of PTSD 2
episodes of repeated reliving of trauma in intrusive memories (flashbacks)
nightmares
define OCD
obsessions
-recurrent intrusive thoughts, images, ruminations and impulses
compulsions
-ritualistic motor acts
what is needed for an OCD diagnosis 2
must be ego-syntonic
-acknowledged as unreasonable or excessive
-there are attempts to resist
eexpereincs cause distress and/or interfere with activities of daily living
treatment for OCD 3
CBT + ERP (exposure response protection)
SSRIs- high dose
clomipramine
*-often combined psychological and pharmacological approach
syx of PTSD 3
numbness and emotional detachment
avoidance of aciritives or situations reminiscent of trauma
autonomic hyperarousal and hypervigiliance
how can hyperarousal in PTSD manifest 4
persistent axiety
irritability
insomnia
poor concentration
what can be associated with PTSD 3
aggressive behvaiours
substance misuse
deliberate self harm
treatment for PTSD 4
CBT
EMDR- eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
high dose SSRI
high dose TCA
define a somatoform disorder
mental disorder characterised by physical syx
which cannot be explained by medical condition
symptoms are NOT consciously fabricated
define dissociative disorders
breakdown in memory, awareness, identity and/or perceptions
treatment for somatoform and dissociative disorders 3
difficult to treat
can resolve spontaneously over time or via psychotherapeutic input
medication usually unhelpful
how are aneixty disorders differnt from normal experience
quantatively not qualitiveily differnt from normal experience
