Learning Disability Flashcards
What term does ICD 10 use for LD?
Mental retardation
What term will ICD 11 use for LD?
Intellectual disability
What term does DSM V use for LD?
Intellectual disability
What defines LD?
IQ <70
Presentation in early life - within developmental period
Associated with deficits in social and adaptive functioning
What is the Valuing People 2001’s definition of LD?
Significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information or learn new skills
Reduced ability to cope independently
Impairment that started before adulthood with lasting effect on development
Define Mild LD
IQ50-69
Define moderate LD
IQ 35-49
Define severe LD
IQ 20-34
Define profound LD
IQ <20
What does adaptive functioning refer to?
How effectively individuals cope with common life demands how well they meet standards of personal independence expected of someone of their age group
How can we measure Adaptive functioning?
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale
Information from more than 1 source
When can borderline intellectual functioning be used according to DSM V?
When an individuals borderline intellectual functioning if the focus of clinical attention or has an impact on the individuals treatment or prognosis
Characteristics of mild LD
Delay in acquiring speech but can develop social and communication skills
Main problems in academic settings but can learn academic skills
Independent with self-care
May be in paid employment
Characteristics of moderate LD
Delays in acquiring speech with deficits in use of language and comprehension
Not able to achieve academically
Can profit from training in social and occupational skills
May achieve self-maintenance in unskilled/semiskilled work with appropriate support and supervision
Majority have identifiable organic aetiology
Characteristics of severe LD
Poor motor development, social skills and minimal verbal speech
Marked motor impairment and associated deficits
May contribute partially to self-maintenance under close supervision
May adapt well to supervised living situations and perform work-related tasks under supervision
Characteristics of profound LD
Comprehension and use of language very limited
Will require assistance with most ADLs
Require nursing care or life support under structured environment
Organic aetiology is usually clear
Commonly associated with neurological and physical disabilities affecting mobility
Other conditions such as epilepsy, visual/hearing impairments
Prevalence of LD
1-3%
Highest incidence of LD is in which age group
School-aged children
Peak incidence of LD
10-14 years
M:F ratio of LD
1.5:1
Most common type of LD
Mild - 85%
Moderate - 10%
How many people with LD have severe LD?
4%
How many people with LD have profound LD?
1-2%
How many people with LD have MH issues?
66%