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Psychology - IN FOCUS Approaches > Learning approaches: Social learning theory > Flashcards

Learning approaches: Social learning theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Social learning theory agrees with behaviourists that behaviour is learned from __________

A

experience

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2
Q

Bandura’s social learning theory proposed a different way in which people learn, through…

A

observation and imitation of others

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3
Q

Social learning theory suggests that learning occurs ________, through classical and operant conditioning

A

directly

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4
Q

Social learning theory suggests that learning occurs directly, through…

A

classical and operant conditioning

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5
Q

True/False: Bandura suggested that learning occurs only directly through classical and operant conditioning

A

False, it can occur indirectly too

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6
Q

What is social learning theory often described as?

A

The ‘bridge’ between behaviourist learning theory and the cognitive approach

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7
Q

Social learning theory focuses on how what are involved in learning?

A

Cognitive factors

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8
Q

SLT focuses on how cognitive factors _______ in the learning process to determine whether a new response is acquired

A

mediate

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9
Q

SLT focuses on how cognitive factors mediate in the learning process to…

A

determine whether a new response is acquired

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10
Q

How many meditational processes were identified by Bandura

A

4

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11
Q

Name the four mediational processes identified by Bandura

A

Attention, Retention, Motor reproduction and motivation

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12
Q

Attention

A

The extent to which we notice certain behaviours

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13
Q

Retention

A

How well the behaviour is remembered

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14
Q

Motor reproduction

A

The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour

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15
Q

Motivation

A

The will to perform the behaviour, which is often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished

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16
Q

What do attention and retention relate to?

A

The learning of behaviour

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17
Q

What do motor reproduction and motivation refer to?

A

The performance of behaviour

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18
Q

True/False: Unlike traditional behaviourism, in SLT the learning and performance of behaviour need not to occur together

A

True

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19
Q

SLT says that observed behaviours may be stored by the observer and…

A

reproduced at a later time

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20
Q

SLT says that for indirect learning to take place what does an individual need to do?

A

Observe the behaviour of others

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21
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

When an individual observes a behaviour and the consequence of that behaviour to identify whether it is desirable or not

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22
Q

SLT says that imitation only generally occurs if behaviour is seen to be rewarded/punished

A

rewarded

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23
Q

When does vicarious reinforcement occur?

A

Generally when someone sees behaviour being rewarded

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24
Q

During vicarious reinforcement, the learner observes…

A

a behaviour but most importantly also the consequences of a behaviour

25
Q

People are more likely to imitate people they ________ with

A

identify

26
Q

People are more likely to imitate people they identify with, especially who?

A

Children

27
Q

The person someone identifies with is called a ____ _____

A

role model

28
Q

What is the process of imitating a role model called?

A

modelling

29
Q

How does a person become a role model?

A

If they are seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer and/or are attractive and have a high status

30
Q

True/False: Role models may not necessarily be present in the environment

A

True

31
Q

Role models may not necessarily be physically present in the environment. This has important implications for…

A

the influence of the media on behaviour

32
Q

True/False: SLT recognises the importance of cognitive factors in learning

A

True

33
Q

True/False: Neither classical nor operate conditioning can offer an adequate account of learning on their own

A

True

34
Q

Humans and animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to do what?

A

Make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions

35
Q

Humans and animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions. Which approach is this an example of?

A

Social learning theory

36
Q

The fact that social learning theory recognises the importance of cognitive factors in learning and humans and animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions suggests what about social learning theory?

A

It provides a more comprehensive explanation of human learning by recognising the role of mediational processes

37
Q

True/False: The evidence base for social learning theory was gathered through field experiments

A

False, lab studies

38
Q

Many of Bandura’s ideas were developed through observation of young children’s behaviour where?

A

In the lab

39
Q

It has been suggested that because the main purpose of Bandura’s Bobo doll is to strike it, the children were doing what?

A

Simply behaving in a way they thought was expected

40
Q

Lab studies are often criticised for their _________ nature

A

contrived

41
Q

Lab studies are often criticised for their contrived nature. What does this mean?

A

Participants may respond to demand characteristics

42
Q

The fact that evidence for SLT was gathered through lab studies suggests that the research may tell us…

A

little about how children actually learn aggression in everyday life

43
Q

Bandura emphasised r_________ d__________

A

reciprocal determinism

44
Q

Bandura emphasised reciprocal determinism in what sense?

A

The sense that we are not merely influenced by our external environment but we also exert an influence upon it, through the behaviours we choose to perform

45
Q

The element of choice suggested by reciprocal determinism suggests that there is some what in the way we behave?

A

Free will

46
Q

How does Bandura’s emphasis on reciprocal determinism contrast the behaviourist approach?

A

The behaviourist approach denies the possibility of free will

47
Q

SLT has been criticised for making too little reference to the influence of what on social learning?

A

Biological factors

48
Q

True/False: Bandura claimed natural biological differences influenced our learning potential

A

True

49
Q

Although Bandura claimed natural biological differencs ifluenced our learning potential, he thought that…

A

learning itself was determined by the environment

50
Q

Research suggests that observational learning, of the kind that Bandura was talking about, may be the result of what?

A

Mirror neurons in the brain

51
Q

What do mirror neurons in the brain allow us to do?

A

Empathise with and imitate other people

52
Q

The fact that observational learning of the kind Bandura was talking about may be the result of mirror neurons in the brain allows us to empathise with and imitate other people suggests that biological influences on social learning were…

A

under-emphasised in SLT

53
Q

True/False: Principles of SLT have been applied to a range of real-world behaviours

A

True

54
Q

True/False: SLT is unable to explain cultural differences in behaviour

A

False,it can

55
Q

SLT principles such as _________, _________ and _____________ can account for how children learn from others around them

A

modelling, imitation and reinforcement

56
Q

SLT principles such as modelling, imitation and reinforcement can account for how children learn from others around them (including/discluding the media)

A

including

57
Q

The fact that SLT principles can account for how children learn from others around them can explain how cultural…

A

norms are transmitted through particular societies

58
Q

Give an example of how SLT principles accounting for how children learn from others around them and explaining how norms are transmitted through particular societies can be useful in understanding a range of behaviours

A

Things such as how children come to understand their gender role

59
Q

Principles of SLT have been applied to a range of real-world behaviour. How does this increase the value of the approach?

A

It can account for real-world behaviour

Psychology - IN FOCUS Approaches (4 decks)

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