Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology - IN FOCUS Approaches > Humanistic approach > Flashcards

Humanistic approach Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Maslow was one of the founders of which movement in psychology?

A

The humanistic movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was one of Maslow’s main interests?

A

What motivates peolpe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Maslow described a hierarchy of needs that…

A

motivate our behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary goal in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Self actualisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order to reach our primary goal, a number of…

A

deficiency needs must first be met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s at the bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Physiological needs such as food and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s second from the bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Safety and security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s third in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Love and belongingness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the fourth stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Self-esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The humanistic approach suggests that most people have an innate desire to do what?

A

Reach their full potential and become the best they can possibly be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What represents the uppermost level of Maslow’’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Self-actualisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the lower levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs need to be met before an individual can work towards self-actualisation?

A

All four of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four stages below self-actualisation known as?

A

Deficiency needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At which stage of life does the first stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs apply to?

A

Early development when a baby is first focused on physiological needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At which stage of life does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs apply?

A

Throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Free will claims that human beings…

A

are essentially self-determining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Free will says that people are still affected by external and internal influences, but are also what?

A

Active agents who can determine their own development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True/False: Rogers & Maslow accept scientific models that attempt to establish general principles of human behaviour

A

False, as active agents we are all unique and psychology should concern itself with the study of subjective experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

As active agents we are all unique, and psychology should concern itself with the study of subjective experience. Someone who supports which approach would say this?

A

Humanist approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Humanism often referred to as?

A

Person-centred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Carl Rogers argue about personal growth?

A

For it to be achieved an individual’s concept of self must be broadly equivalent to, or have congruence with their ideal self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carl Rogers argued that if too big a gap exists between the two ‘selves’ a person will experience what?

A

A state of incongruence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is self-actualisation not possible due to incongruence?

A

There are negative feelings of self-worth that arise from incongruence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the humanistic approach, what do negative feelings of self worth arise from?

A

Incongruence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In order to reduce the gap between the self-concept and the ideal self what did Rogers develop?

A

Client-centred therapy, also called counselling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is client-centred therapy also known as?

A

Counselling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Rogers developed client-centred therapy to help people cope with what?

A

The problems of everyday living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What did Rogers claim about many of the issues we experience as adults?

A

They have roots in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Give an example of an issue we may experience as adults that roots in childhood?

A

Any from worthlessness, low- self-esteem, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rogers claimed that many of the issues we experience as adults can often be explained by what?

A

A lack of unconditional positive regard - a lack of unconditional love from our parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Rogers suggested that a parent who sets boundaries or limits on their love for their child is doing what?

A

Storing up psychological problems for that child in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Give an example of how a parent could set a boundary or limit on their love for their child, which Rogers would suggest is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future

A

“I will only love you if…”, etc/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Setting boundaries or limits on your love for your child is an example of what?

A

Conditions of worth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Rogers claimed that many of the issues we experience as adults can often be explained by a lack of unconditional positive regard as a child. He therefore saw one of his roles as an effective therapist as…

A

being able to provide his clients with the unconditional positive regard that they had failed to receive as children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

True/False: Client-centred therapy is an important form of modern day psychotherapy

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Client-centred therapy led to the general approach of ___________

A

counselling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

True/False: Counselling is applied to many settings today

A

True

38
Q

Give an example of how counselling is applied in many settings today

A

Samaritans and other helplines, etc.

39
Q

How did Rogers refer to those in therapy?

A

As ‘clients’ rather than patients

40
Q

True/False: In client-centred therapy, therapy is directed by the therapist

A

False, it is non-directive

41
Q

True/False: Client-centred therapy is non-directive

A

True

42
Q

The client is encouraged towards the discovery of their own solutions. Which type of therapy does this describe?

A

Client-centred therapy

43
Q

In client-centred therapy the client is just encouraged towards the discovery of their own solutions within what kind of atmosphere?

A

A therapeutic atmosphere that is warm, supportive and non-judgemental

44
Q

For Rogers, an effective therapist should provide the client with which three things?

A

Genuineness, empathy and unconditional positive regard

45
Q

What is the aim of Rogerian therapy?

A

To increase the person’s feelings of self-worth

46
Q

The aim of Rogerian therapy is to increase the person’s feelings of self-worth by doing what?

A

Reducing the level of congruence between the self-concept and ideal self

47
Q

The aim of Rogerian therapy is to increase the person’s feelings of self-worth and therefore help the person…

A

become a more fully functioning person

48
Q

True/False: Rogers’ work transformed psychotherapy

A

True

49
Q

Rogers’ work introduced a variety of…

A

counselling techniques

50
Q

True/False: In the UK and US, similar counselling skills to those proposed by Rogers are still practised

A

True

51
Q

Give 3 examples of settings in which similar counselling skills to those proposed by Rogers are still practised

A

Any 3 from throughout education, health, social work and industry

52
Q

Rogers’ client-centred therapy has been praised as a _______-_______ and _________ approach

A

forward-looking, effective

53
Q

Rogers’ client-centred therapy has been praised as forward-looking as it focuses on what instead of what?

A

Present problems instead of dwelling on the past

54
Q

Much like psychoanalysis, Rogers’ client-centred therapy is best applied to the treatment of what?

A

‘Mild’ psychological conditions such as anxiety and low self-worth

55
Q

What do humanist psychologists regard personal growth as?

A

An essential part of being human

56
Q

What would humanist psychologists say that personal growth is concerned with?

A

Developing and changing a person to become fulfilled, satisfied and goal-oriented

57
Q

The humanistic approach would suggest that not everyone will manage changing as a person to become fulfilled as there are what involved that may prevent a person from reaching their potential?

A

Psychological barriers

58
Q

The humanistic approach is very optimistic/pessimistic

A

Optimistic

59
Q

Which approach has been praised for bringing the person back into psychology?

A

The humanistic approach

60
Q

The humanistic approach has been praised for bringing the person back into psychology as it promotes a positive image of…

A

the human condition

61
Q

What did Freud see all human beings as?

A

Prisoners of their past

62
Q

Freud claimed all of us existed somewhere between where and where?

A

‘Common unhappiness and absolute despair’

63
Q

Humanistic psychologists see all people as basically what?

A

Good

64
Q

Which approach sees all people as free to work towards the achievement of their full potential?

A

The humanist approach

65
Q

True/False: The humanistic approach sees people as out of control of their lives

A

False, it sees people as in control pf their lives

66
Q

The fact that humanistic psychologists see all people as basically good suggests that humanistic psychology offers a…

A

refreshing and optimistic alternative to other approaches

67
Q

People have argued that humanistic psychology has had a relatively large/small impact in psychology

A

small

68
Q

Critics have argued that which approach has little application in the real world in comparison with other approaches such as behaviourism and the biological approach?

A

Humanism

69
Q

The humanistic approach has been described not as a comprehensive theory, but instead as what?

A

A loose set of abstract ideas

70
Q

True/False: The humanistic approach has been described as a comprehensive theory

A

False, it hasn’t

71
Q

Who’s therapy revolutionised counselling techniques?

A

Rogers’

72
Q

True/False: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has been used to explain motivation

A

True

73
Q

Where has Maslow’s hierarchy of needs been used to explain motivation in particular?

A

In the workplace

74
Q

One strength of the humanistic approach is that it rejects attempts to do what to behaviour and experiences?

A

Break them up into smaller components

75
Q

Breaking up behaviour and experiences into smaller components would be an example of reductionism/holism

A

reductionism

76
Q

How do behaviourists explain human and animal learning?

A

In terms of simple stimulus-response connections

77
Q

What did Freud describe the whole of personality as?

A

A conflict between three things - the id, ego and superego

78
Q

Humanistic psychologists advocate reductionism/holism

A

Holism

79
Q

Holism

A

The idea that subjective experience can only be understood by considering the whole person

80
Q

How does the fact that the humanistic approach is holistic add more validity than its alternatives?

A

Considers meaningful human behaviour within its real-world context

81
Q

Why may reductionist approaches be more scientific?

A

The idea of science is the experiment - experiments reduce behaviour to independent and dependent variables

82
Q

Experiments reduce behaviour into which two variables?

A

Independent and dependent

83
Q

One issue with humanistic psychology is that there are relatively few concepts that can be broken down to…

A

single variables and measured

84
Q

One issue with humanistic psychology is that there are relatively few concepts that can be broken down to single variables and measured unlike behaviourism. This means that humanistic psychology in general is short on what?

A

Empirical evidence to support its claims

85
Q

Why may the humanist approach be culturally biased?

A

Many of the ideas that are central to humanistic psychology would be much more readily associated with countries that have more individualistic tendencies

86
Q

Many of the ideas that are central to humanistic psychology would be much more readily associated with countries that have which tendencies?

A

More individualistic tendencies

87
Q

Give 2 examples of individualistic tendencies that would associate something with humanism

A

Any 2 from individual freedom, autonomy, personal growth, etc.

88
Q

Which large country has individualistic tendencies that makes it more likely to be readily associated with the humanistic approach?

A

The US

89
Q

Countries with collectivist tendencies emphasise more the need of the group and interdependence. In such countries, which approach may not be as important as it is in others?

A

Humanism

90
Q

Why may the idea of self-actualisation not be as important in countries with collectivist tendencies as it is in others?

A

These countries emphasise more the needs of the group and interdependence

91
Q

It is possible that the humanistic approach does not apply universally and instead is a product of…

A

the cultural context within which it was developed

Psychology - IN FOCUS Approaches (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions