Learning And Memory

Question 1

Types of learning?

Answer 1

Cognitive
Associative
Social

Question 2

What is cognitive learning?

Answer 2

Understanding,knowing,anticipating or otherwise making use of information-rich higher mental processes, to facilitate learning

Question 3

What is associative learning?

Answer 3

Learning takes place by associating one thing or event with another

Question 4

Two type of associative learning exist?

Answer 4

Classical conditioning -takes place when a response usually elicited by 1 stimulus is then associated with a different stimulus

Operant conditioning process of learning through reinforcement and punishment

Question 5

Difference between unconditioned and conditioned stimulus?

Answer 5

Unconditioned stimulus is the one that causes the subject to respond in a specific way before any learning has taken place(food)
AND

Conditioned stimulus it’s the one that initially is neutral but through association it may produce the desired response when presented without the unconditioned stimulus(bell ringing)

Question 6

Difference between unconditioned response and conditioned response?

Answer 6

Unconditioned response is response to an unconditional stimulus (salivating)

AND
Conditioned response is the response that follows the conditioned stimulus(salivating)

Question 7

Principles if classical conditioning

Answer 7

Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus generalisation
Stimulus discrimination

Question 8

What is Spontaneous recovery?

Answer 8

Reappearance of a response which seems to have diminished

Question 9

What is stimulus generalisation?

Answer 9

Tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli

Question 10

What is stimulus discrimination?

Answer 10

The animal or person can discriminate or detect differences aming similar stimuli and respond only to a specific stimulus

Question 11

Principles of Operant conditioning?

Answer 11

Positive reinforcement- occurs when a pleasant or desirable reinforcer follows a response
Negative reinforcement-occurs when making a response removes an unpleasant event
Punishment-unpleasant consequence that decreases the likelihood of a response

Question 12

Number of responses that must be made before reinforcement is offered is varied

Answer 12

Variable-ratio schedule

Question 13

A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Answer 13

Fixed-interval schedule

Question 14

The schedule when reinforcement is provided after a random amount of time has passed but this aamountof time is on changing schedule

Answer 14

Variable interval schedule

Question 15

Observational social learning

Answer 15

Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

Question 16

LTM is dived into?

Answer 16

Procedural

Declarative memory

Question 17

Declarative memory is divided into?

Answer 17

Semantic

Episodic memory