Learning aim A Flashcards
Classic conditioning
Pavlov
Dog’s salivating at sound of bell
Pre-existing behaviours can be conditioned as a response to a stimulus
Operant conditioning
Skinner
Reward and punishment
Psychodynamic
Behaviour being determined by unconscious factors, thoughts, wishes, memories
Id, ego, superego
Conflict between id and ego regulated by superego
Id, ego, superego
Id-Primitive (sexual and aggressive drives)
Ego-Realistic behaviour, compromises between id and superego
Superego-Moral conscience
Humanistic
Free will of individual
Only individuals can interpret their experiences
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation-Morality
Esteem-Self-esteem, confidence
Love/belonging (social)-Friendship, family
Safety-Health
Physiological (biological)-Food, water
Cognitive
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Information processing approach
Study of mental processes
Encoding, storage and retrieval
Encoding-Storing memory trace
Storage-Retaining trace in memory
Retrieval-Recovering trace from storage
Humanist
People must be able to be their true selves
Type A
Motivated and driven to success
Aggressive and not a good team player
Type B
Empathetic and content
Can be too relaxed and lack urgency
Trait personality theory
Divides personality:intorverted and extroverted, unstable and stable
Genetic basis for personality
Explain behaviour
Situational personality theory
Behaviour determined by environment or situation
Banduras social learning theory
Banduras bobo doll
Behaviour is adapted by social reinforcement
If a person wants approval from others it is external reinforcement
External and internal
Positive or negative
Vicarious reinforcement
Learning through observation of the consequences of actions of other people
Hollanders model
Psychological-Real you and values
Typical-Way you usually respond to environmental demands
Role-related-Determined by perception of environment, can be unstable
What affects attitude according to the theory of planned behaviour
Previous experiences
Cultural influences
Modelling others behaviour
Dwecks mindset and attitude theory
Fixed mindset:Personality traits are fixed and cannot be changed through training
Growth mindset:Effort and training can change mindset
