Learning 2- Memory

Question 1

3 phases of memory

Answer 1

1. aquisition (encoding)
2. Retention (maintenence- active process)
3. Retrieval- finding what needs to be used

Question 2

Working memory

Answer 2

attention, things your working on right now (5-9 things)

Question 3

Reference- Declarative

Answer 3

accesible to conscious (what is the capital of France)

Question 4

Declarative-episodic

Answer 4

specific events in your own life (autobiographical)

Question 5

Declarative-sementic

Answer 5

facts about the world ( what color is the grass)

Question 6

Reference-procedural

Answer 6

how to do somthing

Question 7

Procedural- simple associative

Answer 7

habits/ steak and salivating

Question 8

General method in testing working memory

Answer 8

present stim
Retention interval
present test stim
wait (Intertrial interval)

Question 9

What makes working memory better

Answer 9

short RI
longer presentation
less distractors
longer ITI
more practice
less interference

Question 10

why is longer ITI better

Answer 10

more rare CS-US pairings lead to more learning

Question 11

Proactive interference

Answer 11

Several trials in quick succesion

previous mems interefere with new ones

Question 12

Reteroactive interference

Answer 12

During RI present a distractor

-interferes w memory maintence

Question 13

Memory trace theory

Answer 13

a memory trace is laid down when a stim is presented
longer stim presentation= stronger trace
During RI, ITI trace decays

Question 14

evidence of memory trace

Answer 14

more stim presentation time improves mem
decrease RI improves memory
more ITI improves memory

Question 15

evidence against memory trace

Answer 15

retroactive interference cant be explained
unreleted stim in the RI should not affect trace (wont make it disapeare)
performance increases with increased number of stims

Question 16

in ordered learning animals tend to be better in

Answer 16

early items in list (primacy- cant be explained by mem trace)
last items in list (recency)

Question 17

diference between short, med and long Ris in memory

Answer 17

short- better at recent
med- better at primacy and recent
long- better at primary

Question 18

What is retrieval based on

Answer 18

cues in the environment

Question 19

Warm up decrement

Answer 19

Animals perform worst on the 1st few trials

can be reduced by giving reinforcer before trial

Question 20

what is state dependent memory

Answer 20

retrival depends on on cues in animal

-better if tested at the same time as training

Question 21

Bischof-kohler hypothesis

Answer 21

animals are trapped in their current motivational state

Question 22

Meta memory and how do u test it in animals

Answer 22

knowing what you know

- give option to take a test- if you remember you should take the test (vise-versa)