Learning 2- Memory Flashcards
3 phases of memory
- aquisition (encoding)
- Retention (maintenence- active process)
- Retrieval- finding what needs to be used
Working memory
attention, things your working on right now (5-9 things)
Reference- Declarative
accesible to conscious (what is the capital of France)
Declarative-episodic
specific events in your own life (autobiographical)
Declarative-sementic
facts about the world ( what color is the grass)
Reference-procedural
how to do somthing
Procedural- simple associative
habits/ steak and salivating
General method in testing working memory
present stim
Retention interval
present test stim
wait (Intertrial interval)
What makes working memory better
short RI longer presentation less distractors longer ITI more practice less interference
why is longer ITI better
more rare CS-US pairings lead to more learning
Proactive interference
Several trials in quick succesion
previous mems interefere with new ones
Reteroactive interference
During RI present a distractor
-interferes w memory maintence
Memory trace theory
a memory trace is laid down when a stim is presented
longer stim presentation= stronger trace
During RI, ITI trace decays
evidence of memory trace
more stim presentation time improves mem
decrease RI improves memory
more ITI improves memory
evidence against memory trace
retroactive interference cant be explained
unreleted stim in the RI should not affect trace (wont make it disapeare)
performance increases with increased number of stims
in ordered learning animals tend to be better in
early items in list (primacy- cant be explained by mem trace)
last items in list (recency)
diference between short, med and long Ris in memory
short- better at recent
med- better at primacy and recent
long- better at primary
What is retrieval based on
cues in the environment
Warm up decrement
Animals perform worst on the 1st few trials
can be reduced by giving reinforcer before trial
what is state dependent memory
retrival depends on on cues in animal
-better if tested at the same time as training
Bischof-kohler hypothesis
animals are trapped in their current motivational state
Meta memory and how do u test it in animals
knowing what you know
- give option to take a test- if you remember you should take the test (vise-versa)
