Learning

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

Decrease in strength of response to a repeated stimulus

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Learning of a new association between a previously unrelated stimuli

Question 3

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 3

Naturally occurring eliciting stimulus

Question 4

Unconditioned Response

Answer 4

Response elicited by the Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 5

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 5

New stimulus- previously unrelated

Question 6

Conditioned Response

Answer 6

The response elicited by the Conditioned Stimulus

Question 7

Acquisition

Answer 7

Initial learning of the conditioned response

Question 8

Extinction

Answer 8

The weakening of the conditioned response when the CS is presented without the UCS

Question 9

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 9

Re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response

Question 10

Generalisation

Answer 10

Organism may respond to a similar stimulus

Question 11

Discriminaton

Answer 11

Organism learns to respond differently to stimuli that differs to the CS

Question 12

“Father” of classical conditioning

Answer 12

Ivan Pavlov

Question 13

Taste Aversion

Answer 13

Type of learning that causes you to avoid foods that you associate with illness

Question 14

Operant Conditioning

Answer 14

Learning of a new association between behaviour and its consequences. Learning through reinforcement

Question 15

Punishment

Answer 15

Environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour that decreases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

Environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour that increases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring

Question 17

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 17

Behaviour that is rewarded is more likely to happen again. Behaviour that is punished is less likely to happen again.

Question 18

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 18

Presentation of positive stimulus after desired behaviour

Question 19

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 19

Removal of an aversive stimulus after undesired behaviour

Question 20

Shaping

Answer 20

Process of reinforcing behaviour that comes close to the desired behaviour

Question 21

Primary Reinforcer

Answer 21

A naturally positive stimulus (food/drink)

Question 22

Secondary Reinforcer

Answer 22

A learned reinforcer (money, grades)

Question 23

Ratio Schedules

Answer 23

Certain percentage of responses are reinforced

Question 24

Interval Schedules

Answer 24

Amount of time between reinforcements

Question 25

Fixed Schedules

Answer 25

Reinforcement always occurs after a fixed number of responses

Question 26

Variable Schedules

Answer 26

Required number of responses or time interval varies at random

Question 27

Fixed- Ratio (FR) Schedule

Answer 27

Reinforcer is given after a fixed number of responses

Question 28

Variable-Ratio (VR) Schedule

Answer 28

Reinforcer given after a variable number of responses

Question 29

Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedule

Answer 29

Response reinforced when it occurs after a fixed time from the last reinforcer

Question 30

Variable-Interval (VI) Schedule

Answer 30

Reinforcement given for the first response that occurs after a variable time interval