Learning Flashcards
Habituation
Decrease in strength of response to a repeated stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Learning of a new association between a previously unrelated stimuli
Unconditioned Stimulus
Naturally occurring eliciting stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Response elicited by the Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
New stimulus- previously unrelated
Conditioned Response
The response elicited by the Conditioned Stimulus
Acquisition
Initial learning of the conditioned response
Extinction
The weakening of the conditioned response when the CS is presented without the UCS
Spontaneous Recovery
Re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response
Generalisation
Organism may respond to a similar stimulus
Discriminaton
Organism learns to respond differently to stimuli that differs to the CS
“Father” of classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Taste Aversion
Type of learning that causes you to avoid foods that you associate with illness
Operant Conditioning
Learning of a new association between behaviour and its consequences. Learning through reinforcement
Punishment
Environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour that decreases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring
Reinforcement
Environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour that increases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
Behaviour that is rewarded is more likely to happen again. Behaviour that is punished is less likely to happen again.
Positive Reinforcement
Presentation of positive stimulus after desired behaviour
Negative Reinforcement
Removal of an aversive stimulus after undesired behaviour
Shaping
Process of reinforcing behaviour that comes close to the desired behaviour
Primary Reinforcer
A naturally positive stimulus (food/drink)
Secondary Reinforcer
A learned reinforcer (money, grades)
Ratio Schedules
Certain percentage of responses are reinforced
Interval Schedules
Amount of time between reinforcements
Fixed Schedules
Reinforcement always occurs after a fixed number of responses
Variable Schedules
Required number of responses or time interval varies at random
Fixed- Ratio (FR) Schedule
Reinforcer is given after a fixed number of responses
Variable-Ratio (VR) Schedule
Reinforcer given after a variable number of responses
Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedule
Response reinforced when it occurs after a fixed time from the last reinforcer
Variable-Interval (VI) Schedule
Reinforcement given for the first response that occurs after a variable time interval
