Learning Flashcards
Acquisition
when a response or behaviour is first learned p. 157
Antecedent
a stimulus that causes a voluntary behaviour to occur p. 171
Attention
the first stage of observational learning. Learners must actively focus on the model in order to learn p. 180
Behaviour
a voluntary action in response to an antecedent p. 171
Classical conditioning
a model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli p. 154, 432
Conditioned emotional responses
an emotional response to a stimulus that doesn?t naturally produce that response, learned through the process of classical conditioning p. 165
Conditioned response (CR)
a response caused by the conditioned stimulus p. 155
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
a stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus p. 155
Consequence
an event following an action that makes it either more or less likely to occur again p. 171
Extinction
when a learned response or behaviour no longer occurs for an extended period of time p. 157, 173
Model
the individual who is performing the behaviour that is being watched/ observed p.179
Motivation
the fourth stage of observational learning. The learner must want to reproduce the behaviour in order for learning to occur p. 181
Negative reinforcement
when a stimulus is removed in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again p. 172
Neutral stimulus (NS)
a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response p. 155
Observational learning
(also known as social learning, vicarious conditioning, or modelling) a type of learning that occurs through watching the actions of a model and the consequences that their actions receive p. 179