Leadership Style

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward achieving a goal

Question 2

Leader emergence and effectiveness / nature vs. nurture

Answer 2

30% nature, 70% nurture

Trait Theory: identify personal qualities and characteristics (gen cog ability highest, openness and extraversion 2nd highest)
No generalizable profile for an effective leader (not all traits make an effective leader)

Importance of Nurture: not effective across all situations for all relationships
- not all situations need the same behavior
- not all followers can be led the same

Question 3

Full Range Leadership Model

Answer 3

• Laissez-Faire
• Transactional
• Transformational

Question 4

Laissez-Faire Leadership

Answer 4

hands off with followers, absence of action, leave people alone
Ex. manager who stays in their office
(LEAST EFFECTIVE - low job performance and low organizational commitment)

Question 5

Transactional Leadership

Answer 5

leader rewards or disciplines the follower depending on the adequacy of the follower’s performance

• Management by Exception (punishment/stick/monitor for mistakes to correct or discipline)
• Contingent Reward
  (reward/carrot/looks for good performance to reward) - SECOND MOST EFFECTIVE

Question 6

Transformational Leadership

Answer 6

inspires and empowers followers and act as a role model - 4 ‘I’s
(MOST EFFECTIVE - moderate job performance (how they do work) and high organizational commitment (how they view work))
Ex. Wolf of Wallstreet ‘Im not Leaving’

Question 7

4 ‘I’s

Answer 7

Transformational Leadership
- Idealized Influence
- Inspirational Motivation
- Intellectual Stimulation
- Individualized Consideration

Question 8

Idealized Influence

Answer 8

behaving in a way that earns trust and respect from followers, followers want to identify with and imitate leader
- role models, charisma
- instills pride in followers for being associated with leader
(work hard, credible, defend the team)

Question 9

Inspirational Motivation

Answer 9

behaving in a way that fosters enthusiasm and commitment to a shared vision
- motivational power
- often higher ups
Ex. MLK - I Have A Dream
Ex. JFK - We Choose to Go to the Moon

Question 10

Intellectual Stimulation

Answer 10

behaving in a way that challenges followers to be creative and innovative
- develop and utilize follower’s potential
- cognitive power
- gets followers to look at problems from different angles

Question 11

Individualized Consideration

Answer 11

behaving in a way that helps followers achieve their potential with coaching, development, and mentoring
- encouragement and support
- learning and development
Ex. Mother Teresa

Question 12

LMX

Answer 12

quality of leader/follower relationship
- MUTUAL trust, respect, obligation

Low LMX (superficial)
- Economic exchange (salary/hired hands)

High LMX (ingroup)
- Social Exchange (support/trusted assistants)
- increase organizational commitment

Question 13

Development of Leadership Studies

Answer 13

Trait Studies (emergence, effectiveness /nature vs. nurture)

Behavioral Studies (Laissez Faire, Transactional, Transformational)

Dyadic Studies (LMX)

Question 14

Outcomes of LMX

Answer 14

• Task performance
• Citizenship behavior
• Commitment
• Low turnover rate
• Job satisfaction
• Justice perception
• Low stress perception